“双碳”目标约束下农业转型路径研究

Research on the Path of Agricultural Transformation Under the Constraints of"Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality"Goals

由温室气体排放所引发的气候变化在本质上是一个全球性问题,国际社会需制定共同战略和具有普遍约束力的目标以协同应对气候暖化趋势。为推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型,实现人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化,以新发展理念推广绿色生活方式,中国高度重视碳排放和气候变化问题。在“双碳”战略约束下,以增加清洁能源消费、提高资源利用率和减少碳排放的“双碳”实践正式开启。气候变化通过生物圈的相互依存得以威胁整个粮食安全体系,极端天气所造成的农业生产成本提高凸显农业对气候变化的敏感性和脆弱性以及采取行动减少农业碳排放的必要性和紧迫性。农业领域的碳减排既要兼顾经济效益,又要做到精准管理,更应确保粮食安全。因此,改良和优化农业与气候关系,积极构建中国特色食物安全体系,培育“抗压强”“亩产高”的新型农作物品种,对加快中国式农业现代化建设、实现农业高质量发展和农业强国建设均具有重要意义。

Climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is essentially a global issue,and the international community needs to carry out common strategies and universally binding goals to coordinate the response to climate warming.In order to promote a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development,realize Chinese path to modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously,and promote green lifestyles with new development concepts,China attaches great importance to carbon emissions and climate change issues.Under the constraints of the"dual carbon"strategy,the"dual carbon"practice of increasing clean energy consumption,improving resource utilization and reducing carbon emissions has officially started.Climate change can threaten the entire food security system through the interdependence of the biosphere.The increase in agricultural production costs caused by extreme weather highlights the sensitivity and vulnerability of agriculture to climate change and the necessity and urgency of taking action to reduce agricultural carbon emissions.Carbon emission reduction in the agricultural sector should not only take economic benefits into account,but also achieve precise management and ensure food security.Therefore,improving and optimizing the relationship between agriculture and climate,actively building a food security system with Chinese characteristics,and cultivating new crop varieties that are"pressure-resistant"and"productive",which is crucial to accelerating the modernization of Chinese path to agriculture,realizing high-quality agricultural development,and building a strong agricultural country.These are of great significance.