山东某县3~6岁儿童筛查视力异常情况研究

Study on visual disorders among children aged 3 to 6 years old in a county in Shandong Province

目的描述研究地区3~6岁儿童筛查视力异常情况,为儿童眼病防治及视力异常防控提供参考依据。方法依托山东某县2021年视力筛查项目,所用数据包括儿童基本信息、幼儿园特征及视力筛查结果,分析指标包括裸眼远视力不良率、近视率和可疑远视储备量不足率。采用频数和百分比描述筛查视力异常情况,采用趋势卡方检验分析视力异常指标随年龄变化趋势。结果研究纳入3~6岁儿童14198人,裸眼远视力不良率为19.6%,近视率3.1%,可疑远视储备量不足率42.5%。3岁至6岁,裸眼远视力不良率依次为9.4%、16.4%、24.5%和22.8%,近视率依次为1.9%、1.3%、3.6%和9.0%,两者随年龄增长均呈上升趋势(P<0.05);可疑远视储备量不足率依次为54.6%、42.3%、39.2%和46.0%,随年龄增长未见上升趋势。男童和女童三项指标差别均不超过2.0个百分点;乡镇幼儿园儿童视力不良率比城区幼儿园儿童高8.9个百分点、近视率高5.3个百分点、可疑远视储备量不足率高9.6个百分点;城区私立幼儿园儿童视力不良率比公立幼儿园儿童高9.1个百分点,可疑远视储备量不足率高17.3个百分点,而乡镇私立幼儿园儿童近视率比公立幼儿园儿童低2.4个百分点,可疑远视储备量不足率低8.0个百分点。结论研究地区3~6岁儿童裸眼远视力不良率接近20%,近视率略高于3%,可疑远视储备量不足率超过40%。裸眼远视力不良率和近视率随年龄增长均呈上升趋势,但未见可疑远视储备量不足率随年龄增长呈上升趋势。城乡儿童视力异常情况差别明显,宜探索原因以提升防控针对性。

Objective To describe the current status of visual disorders among children aged 3-6 years in the study area,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of eye diseases and visual disorders in children.Methods The study was carried out based on the vision screening project of a county in Shandong province in 2021,and the data included children′s demographic information,kindergarten characteristics,and vision screening results.Visual disorders included poor visual acuity,myopia,and suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve.The prevalences of visual disorders were described and age-related trends were examined by the trend chi-square test.Results This study included a total of 14,198 children aged 3-6 years old.Among the 14,198 subjects,the prevalences of poor visual acuity,myopia,suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve were 19.6%,3.1%,42.5%,respectively.The prevalences of poor visual acuity in children aged 3,4,5 and 6 years were 9.4%,16.4%,24.5%and 22.8%,and the prevalences of myopia were 1.9%,1.3%,3.6%and 9.0%,respectively,both of which showed an increasing trend with age.The prevalences of suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve were 54.6%,42.3%,39.2%and 46.0%,respectively,which had no increasing trend with age.The differences of the three measurements between male and female children were less than 2.0 percentage points.The prevalence of poor visual acuity in rural children was 8.9 percentage points higher than that in urban children,the prevalence of myopia was 5.3 percentage points higher,and the prevalence of suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve was 9.6 percentage points higher.In urban area,the prevalence of poor visual acuity in private kindergartens was 9.1 percentage points higher than that in public kindergartens,and the prevalence of suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve was 17.3 percentage points higher.However,in rural area,the prevalence of myopia in private kindergartens was 2.4 percentage points lower than that in public kindergartens and the prevalence of suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve was 8.0 percentage points lower.Conclusion In the study area,the prevalences of poor visual acuity,myopia,suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve in children aged 3-6 were close to 20%,slightly higher than 3%and more than 40%,respectively.The prevalence of poor visual acuity and myopia increased with age,but the prevalence of suspected insufficient hyperopia reserve didn′t show increasing trend with age.There were obvious differences in visual disorders between children in the urban area and rural area,so it is advisable to explore the potential causes of the difference to improve prevention and control of eye diseases.