术语的学科义位与普通义位及其在语文词典中的处理

Subject Sememes and Common Sememes of Terminology and the Way to Deal with Them in the Generalpurpose Modern Chinese Dictionaries

术语的学科义位与普通义位之间往往存在着互相演变的关系。文章对兼具学科义位与普通义位的术语条目其学科义位与普通义位之间的关系进行较为系统的梳理与分析:使用新创词命名的术语一般由学科义位衍生出普通义位,而使用现成词命名的术语则一般由普通义位衍生出学科义位。在此基础上以《现代汉语词典》为例来讨论该类术语条目在语文词典中的处理方式:《现代汉语词典》对前者的处理方式是先释出学科义位,后释出普通义位,对后者的处理方式是先释出普通义位,后释出学科义位。通过对术语学科义位与普通义位的梳理分析,能够加深对术语及其词义演变的认识,从而丰富术语学理论,同时对术语的标准化规范化工作也有所助益。

There is often a mutually evolving relationship between the subject sememes and common sememes of terminology.The article systematically sorts and analyzes the relationship between the subject sememes and common sememes of terminology entries that have both subject sememes and common sememes.Terminology named with newly created words generally derive common sememes from subject sememes,while terminology named with ready-made words generally derive subject sememes from common sememes.On this basis,taking the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary as an example,this article discusses the way to deal with such terminology entries in the general-purpose modern Chinese dictionaries:the way of the former to deal with terminology entries that have both subject sememes and common sememes in the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary is to first interpret the subject sememe,followed by the common sememe.The way of the latter is to first interpret the common sememe,followed by the subject sememe.By sorting and analyzing the subject sememes and common sememes of terminology,we can deepen our understanding of terminology and its semantic evolution,enrich terminology theory,and also contribute to the standardization of terminology.