问题、原因与变动:企业参与产业振兴政策的关键议题

Problems, Causes, and Changes: Key Issues in Business Participation in Industrial Revitalization Policies

企业参与是维持长期脱贫效果、实现乡村振兴的重要模式之一。围绕企业参与模式下产业振兴政策嵌入贫困地区后,会给政策本身及贫困地区社会样态带来何种影响这一研究问题对已有研究进行了回顾。研究发现,从企业经营者角度来看,企业参与乡村振兴的模式目前面临经营管理能力欠缺、创业融资难、抵御市场风险能力不足、对返乡创业生活的满意度较低、贫困地区金融支持缺失、农民工素质较低、农村基础设施落后等问题。而且,产业振兴政策在贫困地区会产生政策执行偏差,其原因涉及行政体制、地区文化等因素。最后,产业振兴政策经由企业参与产生政策执行偏差后,贫困地区的社会基础会在文化、社会等级秩序和贫困户脱贫能力等三个方面发生变动。

Enterprise participation is one of the most important modes to maintain long-term poverty eradication effects and achieve rural revitalization.A review of existing studies is conducted around the research question of how industrial revitalization policies embedded in poverty-stricken areas under the enterprise participation model will affect the policies themselves and the social patterns in poverty-stricken areas.It is found that,from the perspective of business operators,the model of business participation in rural revitalization is currently facing problems such as lack of business management ability,difficulty in financing entrepreneurship,insufficient ability to withstand market risks,low satisfaction with the life of entrepreneurship in returning to their hometowns,lack of financial support in poverty-stricken areas,low quality of rural migrant workers,and backwardness of rural infrastructures.Moreover,industrial revitalization policies in impoverished areas may result in policy implementation bias due to administrative system,regional culture and other factors.Finally,after the industrial revitalization policy generates policy implementation deviation through the participation of enterprises,the social foundation of poor areas will change in three aspects,including culture,social hierarchical order and the ability of poor households to escape from poverty.