分“门”别类:博士生师门组织类型及其特征的质性研究

Dividing Shimen into Different Categories:Qualitative Research on Organizational Types and Characteristics of the Shimen of Doctoral Students

师门组织是博士生成长的主要微观环境。师门通常由导师领导和管理,承载着师生、学生之间的学术交流、情感互动等,是区别于院系、研究所等正式组织进行博士生培养的非正式组织。运用质性研究方法,通过对“双一流”高校不同学科的博士生进行深度访谈发现:博士生师门存在理性密集型、理性松散型、自然密集型、自然松散型四种类型;各类师门组织在组织管理方式、组织结构、人员密度、组织氛围、培养成效方面存在差异。相较之下,密集型师门组织比松散型更有利于博士生及时获得指导与支持,师门组织管理过于正式或非正式都不利于博士生成长。良好的师门组织建设只有充分发挥导师的主导作用,注重学科差异和文化建设,才能打造有利于导生共同发展、相互成就的学术共同体。

Organization of shimen is the main micro-environment for the growth of doctoral stu-dents.Shimen are usually led and managed by supervisors,and conduct academic exchanges and emotional interactions between teachers and students,students and students.Shimen,which is differ-ent from formal organizations such as departments and research institutes in the university,is an in-formal organization that conducts the cultivation of doctoral students.In this study,the qualitative re-search method is used to conduct in-depth interviews with doctoral students from different disci-plines in"double first-class"universities.It is found that there are four typical types of shimen:ra-tionally dense,rationally loose,naturally dense and naturally loose.There are differences in the ways of organizational management,organizational structure,population density,organizational atmo-sphere and the effectiveness of doctoral cultivation.In contrast,for doctoral students,the dense orga-nization of shimen is more conducive to receiving timely guidance and support than the loose type.And that the management of shimen is too formal or too informal is not conducive to the growth of doctoral students.Good organizational construction of shimen should give full play to the leading role of supervisors,pay attention to cultural construction of organization and discipline differences,and build an academic community which is beneficial to the common development and mutual achieve-ment of supervisors and doctoral students.