敦煌本《圣地游记述》再研究

Study on the "A Note of Travelling to Pilgrimage" Excavated in Dunhuang

俄藏敦煌文书ДX.234《圣地游记述》之前被推定为唐初王玄策《中天竺国行记》,但从写本书法、重要用词以及记事风格来看,此写本绝非《中天竺国行记》,而是5世纪中后叶的作品,并且很可能是目前所知抄写年代最早的西域游记。此写本内容极其简略,只记载经行线路和圣迹分布,但同时又具有很强的实用色彩。综合来看,该写本近乎流水账式的极简风格,应是游记作者或后来整理者有意为之,很可能是为当时西行求法之人准备的简明指南手册。北宋初年官方派遣的求法僧团也曾使用过类似的、同样只记载西行路线的S.388《西天路竟一本》,这反映出自南北朝早期至北宋初年,这种简明指南手册一直为西行求法僧所使用。

Previously,the document named "A Note of Travelling to Pilgrimage"(Shengdi Youji Shu,《圣地游记述》)excavated in Dunhuang and collected in Russia was referred to the document named "A Note of Travelling to Tianzhu State"(Zhong Tianzhuguo Xingji,《中天竺国行记》)written by Wang Xuance(王玄策)during the early Tang Dynasty.However,this paper proposes that "A Note of Travelling to Pilgrimage" was not same as "A Note of Travelling to Tianzhu State" after comparing the calligraphy,key terminology,and narrative style.The former document completed after the mid-5th century and it was possibly one of the earliest known transcriptions of the note travelling to the Western Region.Besides,the contents about this transcription were extremely concise,but it also had practicability in realizing the travel routes and the distribution of sacred sites.Therefore,the transcription was likely a kind of concise guidebook for individuals who travelled to pilgrimage to the Western Region.In the early Northern Song Dynasty,an official group travelling to pilgrimage also carried and read the guidebook named "Xitian Lujing Yiben"(《西天路竟一本》),which revealed that those concise guidebooks were consistently carried and read by pilgrims from the early periods of the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty.