梁启超的文化地理思想与海上丝绸之路研究

Liang Qichao's Cultural Geography Thought and His Research on the Maritime Silk Road

在清末民初西学东渐、社会转型的背景下,梁启超引入西方地理环境论学说,诠释文化发生的原理,指出了地理与文明之间的因果关系。他通过分析广东海上丝绸之路发展的阶段、内涵、作用和影响,重新评价广东的区位优势和世界影响,指出鸦片战争后海上丝绸之路的中止。梁氏是中国区域文化研究的集大成者,他根据各地历史、学风、流派、人物、论著等差异,将中国划分为20个文化区及若干亚区,提供了中国传统文化的纵横剖面。梁氏后来重新审视了地理环境论与地理环境决定论,并明确指出了地理环境决定论的局限性。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,Liang Qichao introduced theory of geographical environment from the western to explain the principles of cultural occurrence.He pointed out the causal relationship between geography and civilization in the background of the eastward spread of western culture and the accelerating social transformation.As a pioneer in the study of the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road,Liang Qichao analyzed the stages,connotations,functions and influences of the development of the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road.And Liang evaluated Guangdong highly due to its sea-facing geographical position,the whole country benefits from the developed maritime transportation and the abundant income.Above factors made Guangdong had great importance both in the world and in China and had a huge impact.Besides,Liang pointed out that after the Opium War,the Maritime Silk Road was suspended,which exerted great significance to determine the lower limit of the Maritime Silk Road.Liang Qichao was a master of regional cultural studies in China.He divided China into twenty cultural regions and several sub-regions according to the differences of cultural history,academic styles,schools,characters and treatises,providing a vertical and horizontal section of Chinese traditional culture.Later,Liang Qichao re-examined the differences between the theory of geographical environment and the environmental determinism,and pointed out clearly the limitations of the environmental determinism.