宋代子思道统地位的确立

The Elevation of Zisi's Status in Confucian Orthodoxy during Song Dynasty

唐代将孔庙附祭人选扩大到孔子门人之外,打开了子思进入孔庙的制度性窗口。北宋中后期,子思凭借孔圣后裔的身份得以封侯和从祀。由于宋代《中庸》地位的提升,以及宋人欲解决孔子和孟子之间是如何实现思想传承而作的思想努力,子思在明道和传道上的贡献日益凸显,在儒家道统系谱中的位置逐渐确立,并最终形成了颜子、曾子、子思、孟子这一以传道为主要线索的道统系谱。南宋后期,这一道统系谱得到了官方的制度化肯定,子思因此得到封公和配享,其父伯鱼也得以入祀孔庙,而子思后来更逐渐拥有了自己的祠庙。

Zisi wasn't worshiped in Confucian temple from Han to Tang Dynasty.Some Confucian scholars,who were not the students of Confucius,began to be worshiped in Confucian temple during the Tang Dynasty.In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty,after Mencius was conferred the title of Duke and worshiped in the Confucian temple,Zisi was conferred the title of Marquis and worshiped in the Confucian temple too.Because the status of Zhong yong was elevated in the Song Dynasty,and Confucian scholars liked to establish a connection between Confucius and Mencius,Zisi's contribution to the interpretation and transmission of Confucianism was affirmed by more and more Confucian scholars.Finally,the Confucian Orthodoxy Lineage was composed of Yanzi、Zisi、Zengzi and Mencius,who were called the Four Sages.Confucian scholars believed the Four Sages having made the most outstanding contribution to the transmission of Confucianism.At the late Southern Song Dynasty,this Lineage was confirmed by the government.Therefore,Zisi was conferred the title of Duke,and his status in the Confucian temple was elevated too.Furthermore,Zisi Temple was found during Yuan、Ming and Qing Dynasties.Boyu,Zisi's father,was worshiped in Confucian temple too.