苎麻的液态与湿润结合发酵生物脱胶新技术

New technology of fermentation bio-degumming combined with liquid and wetting on ramie

采用液态与湿润结合发酵的生物脱胶新技术对苎麻进行脱胶。该方法采取原麻过磅、装入吊麻架、原麻发酵池液态发酵、原麻装笼湿润发酵等措施。与现有方法比较,苎麻脱胶的工艺流程更短、发酵效果更稳定。研究结果表明,使用新方法所得的苎麻纤维性能符合精干麻生产的要求。制得的精干麻单纤维平均强度为5.29 cN/dtex,平均残胶率为2.34%,平均含油率为0.61%,达到GB/T 20793—2015《苎麻精干麻》一级水平;外排废水中的COD_(Cr)≤60 mg/L,废水pH在7~7.5,色度20~30,悬浮物15~20 mg/L,氨氮(NH_(3)-N)质量浓度在2~3 mg/L,达到国家水污染物特别排放限值标准。

A new biological degumming technology combining liquid and wet fermentation was used for degumming ramie.This method was achieved by weighing the raw ramie,loading it into hanging racks,liquid fermentation of the raw ramie fermentation tank,and wet fermentation of the raw ramie in cages.Compared with the existing method,it made the process of ramie degumming shorter,the fermentation effect more stable.The performance of ramie fibres obtained by this method met the requirements for the production of dried ramie,and the average strength of dried ramie single fibers obtained was 5.29 cN/dtex,the average residual glue rate was 2.34%,and the average oil content was 0.61%,which had reached the first grade with reference to the GB/T 20793—2015Degummied ramie.In the discharged wastewater,COD_(Cr)≤60 mg/L,pH value of wastewater was between 7-7.5,water colour was 20-30,suspended solids was 15-20 mg/L,ammonia and nitrogen(NH_(3)-N) concentration of 2-3 mg/L,which met the national standard of special discharge limits for water pollutants.