成都市学龄儿童预包装食品摄入状况及其对生长发育的影响

Status of prepackaged food intake and the association with growth and development in schoolaged children of Chengdu City

目的探讨常见预包装食品摄入对学龄儿童生长发育的前瞻性影响,为儿童及家长选择健康的预包装食品提供理论基础。方法基于西南地区儿童营养与生长发育队列(SCCNG)数据,通过分层整群抽样法选取2020年基线调查地点在成都市的381名6~11岁学龄儿童为研究对象,利用问卷调查和体格测量收集研究对象的膳食摄入和生长发育情况,并随访至2022年11月。采用Logistic回归模型分析预包装食品摄入状况对儿童生长发育的前瞻性影响。结果学龄儿童预包装食品摄入总量为316.1(197.1,501.4)g/d。随访2年后,16.5%的学龄儿童出现超重肥胖,12.6%的男生初次遗精提前,15.4%的女生初潮提前。调整母亲受教育水平、家庭平均月总收入、是否独生子女、居住地、体质量指数Z评分、平均每天运动时长、膳食摄入总能量后,Logistic回归分析显示,方便食品类摄入可能增加男生初次遗精提前的风险(OR=9.37),果蔬类摄入可能降低男生初次遗精和女生初潮提前的风险(OR值分别为0.33,0.17),鱼禽肉蛋类摄入可能增加女生初潮提前的风险(OR=7.59)(P值均<0.05);调整混杂因素后,方便食品类、奶类、果蔬类、辣条类、鱼禽肉蛋类预包装食品摄入与超重肥胖关联无统计学意义(OR值分别为1.40,0.57,0.73,1.33,1.57,P值均>0.05)。结论常见预包装食品摄入与学龄儿童青春期发育的关系不一致,未发现预包装食品摄入与学龄儿童超重肥胖相关。需加强相关营养宣传教育,帮助儿童选择健康预包装食品。

Objective To determine the association between the intake of five major types of prepackaged foods and the growth and development of schoolaged children,so as to provide a theoretical basis for guiding schoolaged children and their parents to make healthy prepackaged food choices.Methods Based on data from the SouthWest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth Cohort(SCCNG),381 children(6-11 years of age)were selected by stratified cluster sampling.Dietary intake and pubertal development were collected using questionnaires,and anthropometric measurements were obtained.Children were followed up until November 2022.Binary Logistic regression models were used to analyze the prospective association between prepackaged food intake and the growth and development of schoolaged children.Results The total intake of the five major types of prepackaged foods was 316.1(197.1,501.4)g/d.After 2 years of followup evaluations,16.5%of schoolaged children were shown to be overweight and obese.Early spermarche occurred in 12.6%of boys and early menarche occurred in 15.4%of girls.The following findings were suggested after adjusting for the mother's education level,average gross monthly family income,whether or not the family had one child only,geographic area of residence,body mass index Z score,average duration of daily exercise,and total dietary energy intake:convenience food intake might increase the risk of early spermarche(OR=9.37);fruit and vegetable intake might decrease the risk of early spermarche and menarche(OR=0.33,0.17);and fish,poultry,meat,and egg intake might increase the risk of early menarche(OR=7.59)(P<0.05).Intake of the five types of prepackaged foods was not associated with being overweight or obese after adjusting for confounders(OR=1.40,0.57,0.73,1.33,1.57,P>0.05).Conclusions The relationship between intake of the five major types of prepackaged foods and pubertal development is inconsistent and no significant correlation was detected between the intake of prepackaged foods and overweight or obese children.Nutrition education should be strengthened to help children and their parents choose healthy prepackaged foods.