团体心理辅导对母亲专制型教养方式儿童心理状况的影响

Influence of group psychological counseling on mental health of children with authoritarian mothers

目的探讨团体心理辅导对母亲专制型教养方式下儿童心理状况的影响,为提高儿童的心理健康水平提供相应的依据和参考方法。方法于2022年11月至2023年2月,采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)和心理健康诊断测验(MHT),筛选出母亲是专制型教养方式,父亲的教养方式不属于权威型、专制型、民主型中的任何一种,且MHT总分≥65分的潍坊市四至六年级学生76名,并随机将学生及其母亲分到干预组和对照组。对照组:发送心理健康科普文章,每周2篇,发送8周,不做其他干预。干预组:在对照组基础上进行每周1次的团体辅导活动,每次干预时长1.5~2 h,持续8周。干预前后,学生填写家庭教养方式和心理健康诊断测验问卷。结果干预前,干预组和对照组学生在家庭教养方式的关爱、鼓励自主和控制3个因子上差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.43,-1.04,-0.81,P值均>0.05)。干预后,干预组较对照组学生在心理诊断测验全量表分、学习焦虑、对人焦虑、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向上显著下降(t值分别为-20.00,-5.06,-2.09,-3.36,-6.15,-4.76,-5.15,P值均<0.05)。结论持续的团体心理辅导可以切实有效地改善母亲专制型教养方式儿童的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向和冲动倾向,极大提升心理健康水平。

Objective To explore the influence of group psychological counseling on the mental health of children with mother's authoritarian parenting.Methods From November 2022 to February 2023,76 students from grades 4 to 6 whose mother showed authoritarian parenting style,while fathers adopted no authoritative,authoritarian or democratic parenting style and who scored≥65 on the total MHT were selected using the Parenting Style Questionnaire(PBI)and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test(MHT).All the participants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups.Before and after the intervention,participants filled out questionnaires on parental bonding instrument and mental health test.Control group:regular delivery of mental health education information,2 times per week,for 8 weeks,without any other intervention.Intervention group:group counseling activities were conducted once a week.Each intervention lasted 1.5-2 hours and lasts for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,participants filled in the family parenting style and mental health screening questionnaires.Results After the intervention,compared with the control group,students in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the total scale score of the MHT,learning anxiety,social anxiety,allergic tendency,physical symptoms,fear tendency,and impulsive tendency(t=-0.43,-1.04,-0.81,P>0.05).After intervention,the intervention group students showed a significant decrease in psychological diagnosis test scores,learning anxiety,anxiety towards others,allergic tendencies,physical symptoms,phobic tendencies,and impulsive tendencies compared to the control group students(t=-20.00,-5.06,-2.09,-3.36,-6.15,-4.76,-5.15,P<0.05).Conclusion Rregular group psychological counseling can effectively improve the academic anxiety,social anxiety,allergic tendencies,physical symptoms,fearful and impulsive tendencies of students whose mothers with authoritarian parenting style,and greatly improve their mental health.