甘肃省中小学生超重肥胖与睡眠时长现状及相关性

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associations with sleep duration among primary and secondary school students in Gansu Province

目的分析甘肃省6~17岁学生的超重率和肥胖率,并评估其与睡眠时长的关系,以便制定相应的防控策略和干预措施。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2022年5—7月抽取甘肃省2个监测点,对2172名6~17岁学生进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用χ^(2)检验对超重肥胖检出率和睡眠时长构成进行组间差异分析,采用Logistic回归模型对超重肥胖和睡眠时长进行关联性分析。结果甘肃省监测点中小学生的超重率和肥胖率分别为10.45%和6.86%,平均睡眠时长为(8.28±1.66)h/d。16~17岁高中生和睡眠时长<8 h/d的中小学生超重检出率高(χ^(2)值分别为12.51,19.32,14.96),男生和非住校生的肥胖检出率高(χ^(2)值分别为5.89,9.59)(P值均<0.05)。无论男生还是女生,小学生的超重率和肥胖率均随着睡眠时长的减少而增加(χ^(2)值分别为38.84,9.80,19.61,41.60,P值均<0.05);总人群中,女生不同睡眠时长的肥胖率均低于男生(睡眠时长<8 h/d:6.07%,11.11%;8~<9 h/d:5.76%,6.09%;9~<10 h/d:6.02%,8.19%;≥10 h/d:4.04%,6.90%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,小学生和高中生睡眠时长短与超重肥胖的发生风险正性相关,高中生睡眠时长与超重肥胖发生风险呈负性相关(睡眠时长8~<9 h/d:OR_(小学生)=1.89;9~<10 h/d:OR_(小学生)=1.54;8~<9 h/d:OR高中生=0.30;P值均<0.05)。结论睡眠不足是甘肃省监测点中小学生超重肥胖的相关因素。应针对不同人群制定相应的预防策略和干预措施,保证充足的睡眠时长,降低中小学生超重肥胖的发生风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associations with sleep duration among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Gansu Province,so as to formulate tailored prevention and control strategies and intervention measures.Methods Using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method,a questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among 2172 students aged 6-17 from 2 monitoring points in Gansu Province from May to July 2022.Using Chisquare test to analyze the inter group differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity and the composition of sleep duration,and using Logistic regression model to analyze the correlation between overweight and obesity and sleep duration.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 10.45%and 6.86%,respectively.The average sleep duration was(8.28±1.66)h/d.The detection rate of overweight was high among high school students aged 16-17 and those with sleep duration<8 h/d(χ^(2)=12.51,19.32,14.96),while the detection rate of obesity was high among male and non residential students(χ^(2)=5.89,9.59)(P<0.05).For both boys and girls,the rates of overweight and obesity among primary school students increased with the decrease in sleep duration(χ^(2)=38.84,9.80,19.61,41.60,P<0.05).The rates of obesity in boys were higher than girls across varying sleep durations among the general population(sleep duration<8 h/d:6.07%,11.11%,8~<9 h/d:5.76%,6.09%,9~<10 h/d:6.02%,8.19%,≥10 h/d:4.04%,6.90%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient sleep duration among primary school students was positively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity,and adequate sleep duration among high school students was negatively associated with the risk of overweight and obesity(sleep duration 8~<9 h/d:OR_(primary school students)=1.89,9~<10 h/d:OR_(primary school students)=1.54,8~<9 h/d:ORhigh school students=0.30,P<0.05).Conclusions Insufficient sleep is a risk factor for overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students at monitoring sites in Gansu Province.Prevention strategies and interventions should be developed for different populations to ensure adequate sleep duration and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students.