唐前期边防形势与防人征发制度变迁——以《天圣令·赋役令》为中心

Border Defense Situation and Changes in the Levy System of Defense Personnel in the Early Tang Dynasty--Centered on Tax and Corvée Statute of Tiansheng Statute

《天圣令·赋役令》有关于唐代防人免课役规定的记载,对此令文进行分析可探索战争、边防形势对制度变动的影响。唐初防人以府兵为主,承担任务多为近戍。高宗时期征百济、高丽导致兵募大规模镇防的新情况,此后趋于紧张的边防形势引起全国范围内的防人征调远戍与不同地域防人的待遇区分对待的问题。官方在探索中设计出防人免课役规定,照顾到防人中“本州”与“非本州”两个不同群体,于开元二十五年修令时将该规定加入到《赋役令》中,以确保在不断变化的边防形势影响下能够持续有效地调动与分配防人资源。

In Tax and Corvee Statute of Tiansheng Statute,there are records of exempting the defense personnel from taxes and corvée in Tang Dynasty.An analysis of this statute can explore the influence of war and border situation on the change of institution.In the early Tang Dynasty,the defense personnel were mainly Fubing soldiers,and their tasks were mostly nearby garrison.With warring Baekje and Goguryeo during the reign of emperor Gaozong,a new situation occurred when soldiers for large-scale defense were conscripted,and the tense border defense situation thereafter led to the nationwide distant garrison of defense personnel and the differentiated treatment of defense personnel in different regions.In the course of exploration,the government designed the exemption from tax and corvee for defense personnel,taking into account the two different groups of defense personnel:"local state"and"non-local state",and added this statute to the Tax and Corvee Statute when the statute was revised in the 25th year of Kaiyuan,so as to ensure the continuous and effective mobilization and distribution of defense personnel resources under the influence of the constantly changing border defense situation.