盾构刀具高性能钎焊技术研究进展

Research progress of high-performance brazing technology for shield cutting tool

盾构刀具作为盾构机的关键核心部件,直接决定着盾构机的掘进能力和作业效率。高性能钎料及低应力钎焊工艺缺失成为盾构刀具故障率高、服役寿命短、质量不可靠的关键因素。综述了国内外盾构刀具用Ag基、Cu基以及Ni基钎料的研究进展,总结并分析了硬质合金表面改性及低应力钎焊技术对提升盾构刀具性能的影响,指出了当前研究的卡点,并展望了高性能盾构刀具未来发展的方向。通过研制高强韧钎料和梯度复合钎料,开发低应力钎焊技术,解决硬质合金难润湿、易开裂、接头强度低的问题,实现了盾构刀具可靠、高性能制造。

As the key component of the shield machine,the shield cutting tool directly determines the tunneling ability and operation efficiency of the shield machine.The lack of the high-performance brazing filler metal and the low-stress brazing process has become a key factor for high failure rate,short service life and unreliable quality of shield cutting tools.In this paper,the research progress of Ag-based,Cu-based and Ni-based brazing filler metals for shield cutting tools at home and abroad was reviewed.Then,the effects of the surface modification of cemented carbide and the low-stress brazing technology on improving the performance of shield cutting tools were summarized and analyzed.Meanwhile,the sticking points of current research were pointed out,and the future development direction of high-performance shield cutting tools was prospected.Through the development of the high strength and toughness brazing filler metal,the gradient composite brazing filler metal,and the low-stress brazing technology,solved the problems of difficult wetting,easy cracking and low joint strength of the cemented carbide,and realized the reliable and high performance manufacturing of shield cutting tools.