从“人类世”到“人机世”:后人类时代教育变革路径探析

From“Anthropocene”to“Human-Computer World”:Exploring the Path of Educational Change in the Post-Human Era

伴随着生物技术与信息技术的急速发展,人与技术的互构性不断增强,后人类时代从“人类世”过渡到“人机世”的特征与影响开始逐渐凸显。后人类理论强调打破“人文主义”对规范的大写的“人”的限定,技术的发展与文化境况的转变对教育提出了激进的挑战。在后人类时代下,教育主体形态将趋向于人的“机器化”与机器的“人化”,知识生产方式可能造成路途与景深的消解,人工智能对人类思维的替代可能导致人类创造力的萎缩。为应对技术带来的挑战,教育应重新审视并建构后人类时代的人机关系,以创变性作为人机相区别的奇点指向人类智慧培养,打破人类中心主义构建人机交互教育网络,基于“善恶对价法则”划定教育技术伦理红线,坚守“人是目的”这一原则推动教育变革。

In the era of rapid biotech and IT advancement,the fusion of humans and technology is growing.The shift from the“Anthropocene”to the“Human-Computer World”in the posthuman era is marked by changing characteristics and implications.Posthumanism challenges the traditional“humanist”definition,and technological and cultural transformations pose radical challenges to education.In this era,educational subjects may become more“mechanized”by humans and“humanized”by machines.Knowledge production may lose traditional path⁃ways and depth,and AI replacing human thinking could limit human creativity.To address these challenges,edu⁃cation needs to reconsider the human-machine relationship,focus on cultivating human wisdom through creativity,break anthropocentrism,establish a human-machine interactive education network,set ethical boundaries based on the“quid pro quo”principle,and uphold the principle that“human is the purpose”for educational change.