我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响研究

Study on the effect of social participation on the health of widowed elderly people in China

目的:探讨我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响。方法:基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查纳入6296个样本,利用普通最小二乘法和工具变量-两阶段最小二乘法实证分析我国丧偶老年人社会参与对健康的影响。结果:社会参与改善了丧偶老年人生理健康和心理健康状况。以“是否拥有房屋产权”“社区是否组织社会或娱乐活动”作为社会参与的工具变量进行内生性检验,结果显示,丧偶老年人社会参与对生理健康和心理健康仍存在正向影响。更换健康指标,证实结论具有稳健性。结论:在积极应对人口老龄化过程中应积极鼓励丧偶老年人参加社交活动,并根据丧偶老年人特征制定详细、差异化方案,为丧偶老年人参加社会娱乐活动创造客观条件。

Objective:To explore the effect of social participation on the health of widowed elderly people in China.Methods:A total of 6296 samples were included based on the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,and the effect of social participation on the health of widowed elderly people in China was empirically analyzed by ordinary least squares and instrumental variables‐two stage least squares.Results:The physical and mental health of widowed elderly people were improved by social participation.Endogeneity tests were conducted using"whether one owns property rights or not"and"whether the community organizes social activities and entertainment activities or not"as instrumental variables of social participation.The results showed that social participation still had a positive impact on the physical and mental health of widowed elderly people.After health indicators were replaced,and the conclusion had been proven to be robust.Conclusions:In actively responding to the aging population,widowed elderly people should be encouraged to participate in social activities,and detailed and differentiated plans should be developed based on characteristics of widowed elderly people,so as to create objective conditions for widowed elderly people to participate in social entertainment activities.