马克思政治经济学批判的美学意蕴及当代启示

The Aesthetic Connotation of Marx's Critique of Political Economy and Its Contemporary Inspiration

通过对资本主义生产方式的批判,马克思剖析了资本主义社会人的整体生存结构,从而把对人类自由解放的研究推进到对作为自由活动之典范的审美活动的考察,由此丰富发展了其哲学思想。具体而言,马克思通过分析资本主义生产方式对审美主体能力和客体条件的破坏,揭示出资本主义社会的不合理性;通过追问审美活动的社会现实基础即自由时间的充分运用,揭示出资本主义社会与自由活动的对抗性,寻找到现实政治经济活动与审美自由活动的可通达性和无产阶级自由解放的现实路径。马克思政治经济学批判,有助于我们更好地把握马克思思想的整体性,更好地理解美的理想追求在现实生活中的定位,更好地立足现实创造美好生活。

Through his critique of the capitalist mode of production,Marx analyzed the overall structure of human existence in capitalist society,thus advancing the study of human freedom and emancipation to the examination of aesthetic activity as a paradigm of free activity,thereby enriching and developing his philosophical thought.Specifically,Marx reveals the irrationality of capitalist society by analyzing the destruction of the aesthetic subject's ability and object's conditions by the capitalist mode of production;reveals the antagonism between capitalist society and free activities by asking about the social basis of aesthetic activities,i.e.,the full use of free time,and searches for the accessibility between the real political and economic activities and the aesthetic free activities,as well as the realistic path of the liberation of the proletariat.The critique of Marxist political economy helps us better grasp the overall nature of Marxist thought,better understand the positioning of the ideal pursuit of beauty in real life,and better create a better life based on reality.