北朝天水赵氏宦居与乡里变迁

The Migration by Being Officials and Hometown Change of Tianshui Zhao Clan in the Northern Dynasties

十六国时期,天水赵氏因仕宦后秦形成“京兆—天水”的“双家形态”。随着后秦衰亡,赵逸、赵温、赵迁三支分别进入赫连夏、仇池和江左,后又皆入仕北魏。在北魏,赵逸、赵温二支皆宦居京师,但分别葬于洛阳和天水,呈现出不同的乡里认同;赵迁一支,随仕宦而居,却归葬于家族在后秦开创的京兆小陵原祖茔。北朝后期,赵逸一支宦居北齐京城邺城,但以洛阳为乡里;赵迁一支,因仕宦西魏、北周,回归京兆乡里;赵温子孙在乡里认同上,则呈现出京城与天水的分歧。北朝天水赵氏的个案研究显示,北朝士族因仕宦而迁徙乃至移居京城可能已较普遍。

Being officials of Later Qin,the Tianshui Zhao clan formed“the dual-home type”of“Jingzhao and Tianshui”.With the decline of Later Qin,the three branches of Zhao Yi,Zhao Wen and Zhao Qian respectively migrated to Helian Xia,Qiuchi and South area.Later,they all joined the Northern Wei regime.In the Northern Wei Dynasty,the two branches of Zhao Yi and Zhao Wen both were officials in the capital,but they were buried in Luoyang and Tianshui respectively,showing different identification in hometown.The branch of Zhao Qian moved for being officials,but was buried in the family graveyard located at Xiaoling Plateau in Jingzhao and founded in the Later Qin dynasty.In the later Northern Dynasties,the branch of Zhao Yi lived in Ye,the capital of the Northern Qi,but took Luoyang as hometown.The branch of Zhao Qian returned to Jingzhao by being officials of Western Wei and Northern Zhou regimes.The descendants of Zhao Wen were once again divided on the township identification between the capital and Tianshui.The case study of Tianshui Zhao Clan shows that because of bureaucratization the migration and even centralization of aristocratic clans may already be more common in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties.