古诗中的“衬托”手法——以宋前诗歌为考察对象

The Technique of“Contrast”in Ancient Poetry:A Study on Pre-Song Dynasty Poetry

衬托手法在诗歌写作中应用极为广泛,它以次要物象映衬主要物象,使之特点更鲜明。衬托物经由兴、比喻、对比、踵事增华、渲染氛围等思维方式与被衬托物联系在一起,它可能是与被衬托物共处于特定环境的自然存在,也可能是作者引入的物象或者典故。因为事物间的天然联系,诗歌按照自然状态反映外物,即可能采用衬托手法。写作对象不易摹写、对诗歌对仗之美的追求等,都可能促成衬托手法的使用。景物作为烘托物进入诗歌,经历了一个由简单到复杂的进化过程,这一过程与诗歌写作艺术的发展密切相关。衬托手法运用得宜,是诗歌创作的极大助力,但诗歌创作亦不必一味拘泥于衬托。

The technique of contrast is widely used in poetry writing.It juxtaposes minor objects with major ones,highlighting their distinctive characteristics.The object used for contrast can be a natural element coexisting in a specific environment with the main object,or it can be an object or allusion introduced by the poet.Due to the inherent connections between things,the technique of contrast can be employed when poetry reflects external objects according to their natural state.The difficulty of depicting the subject,the pursuit of poetic beauty in rhyme and rhythm,and other factors can lead to the use of contrast.As scenes are introduced into poetry as a means of contrast,they undergo a process of evolution from simplicity to complexity,which is closely related to the development of poetic art.While the skillful use of contrast can greatly enhance poetic creation,poets should not be overly confined to this technique.