《周易》与北宋治国理政思想——以《宋朝诸臣奏议》为中心的考察

Zhou Yi and Ideas of Governing the Country in the Northern Song Dynasty:A Study Centered on Song Chao Zhu Chen Zou Yi

北宋士大夫为复兴三代之治,重建王道政治秩序,主张以经术治天下,重视经学的经世功能。在探索王道的过程中,士大夫以《周易》为经世之大法而推崇备至,并注重运用《周易》义理指导现实的政治实践。他们通过在奏议中引用《周易》经义议论时政,为朝廷提出合乎圣人之道的治国之策以实现儒家通经致用的理想。在北宋奏议中,士大夫不仅以《周易》经义培育皇帝的政治道德,而且还从《周易》中厘定出内政治理原则施用于今,从修己、治人两方面充分展现了易学的经世指向。他们以《周易》经义作为评判现实政治得失的标准,批评并制止不合经义的政治行为,规正政治发展方向,从而使《周易》对北宋治国理政思想产生了深远影响。

In order to revive the ideal of Good Governance in Three Generations and to rebuild the political order of humane government,the literati of the Northern Song Dynasty advocated the rule of the world by the classics and attached importance to the thoughts on the statecraft of the classics.In the process of exploring humane government,the literati regarded the Zhou Yi as a great method of governing the world,and paid attention to using the principles of the Zhou Yi as a guide to political practice.They discussed current politics by citing the Zhou Yi in their memorials and proposed governance strategies in line with the principles of sages for the court to achieve the political ideals of the Confucian classics.In the memorials of the Northern Song Dynasty,literati not only cultivated the political morality of the emperor with the Zhou Yi;they also determined the principles of governance that were applied to the present,thus fully demonstrating the practical orientation of the Zhou Yi from the two aspects of self-cultivation and rule for the people.The literati employed the Zhou Yi as the standard for judging real political gains and losses,criticized and discontinued policies that did not conform to the Zhou Yi,and regulated the direction of political development in accordance with the Zhou Yi.Clearly,the Zhou Yi had a profound impact on the political ideals informing governance of the country in the Northern Song Dynasty.