经学管钥异文渊薮:万希槐《十三经证异》探论

The Key to the Study of Confucian Classics and the Gathering of Different Texts:A Study on Wan Xihuai’s Different Texts Research of the Thirteen Classics

清儒万希槐撰《十三经证异》八十卷,将唐以前经史诸子、小学要籍、类书政典及汉魏六朝隋唐古注古疏中所引经典异文广搜博辑,逐经逐篇逐句排纂,并加按断考证。其引群书以证群经,囊括了本校、对校、他校、理校之法,而尤以他校为特色。该书兼具学术著作和工具书性质,征引宏富,体例详当,对异文的考订涉及本字借字、异字俗字、衍脱讹倒、古文今文及史料异同等诸多类型。这对于考察写本时代经典古本的面貌及流变,对经典文字校正和训诂阐释,对研究汉字形音义关系都具有重要意义,至今仍有相当高的参考价值。

The scholar Wan Xihuai in the Qing Dynasty wrote a book called Different Texts Research of the Thirteen Classics composed of eighty volumes.It collected different texts of the Confucian classics from various documents before the Tang Dynasty,compiling and investigating chapter by chapter,word by word.It used various works to prove the classics,using the methods of self-proofreading,pair proofreading,other proofreading and inferred proofreading,especially characterized by other proofreading.The book has both academic and reference book properties with rich references and detailed formats,involving various types of different texts,such as original and borrowed words,different words,common words,erroneous words,missing words,superfluous words,inverse words,ancient and modern words,and differences in historical materials.This is of great significance for studying the appearance and changes of ancient classics in the era of manuscripts,for correcting and explaining classic texts,and for studying the relationship between the form,sound,and meaning of Chinese characters.It still has a high reference value today.