基于红外相机监测的福建武夷山国家公园哺乳动物物种多样性初步研究

Camera‑Trapping Survey of Mammalian Biodiversity in the Wuyishan National Park,Fujian

2018年12月—2021年9月采用公里网格法从福建武夷山国家公园内选取的125个公里网格中布设了162台红外相机进行调查监测。累计42 078个相机工作日内获得有效探测照片9 225张,鉴定出6目13科23种哺乳动物,有中华穿山甲Manis pentadactyla和黑麂Muntiacus crinifrons 2种国家一级重点保护野生动物和6种国家二级重点保护野生动物。赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis、小麂Muntiacus reevesi、野猪Sus scrofa和藏酋猴Macaca thibetana的相对多度和网格占有率较高。人类活动对区内哺乳动物多样性的空间分布存在一定影响,物种相对多度指数沿海拔梯度从低到高呈中峰模式。本研究初步掌握了园内大中型哺乳动物的物种组成、空间分布和相对多度,完善了园内哺乳动物编目信息,为国家公园的保护管理和规划制定提供了重要的基础资料。

Wuyishan National Park is the priority area for biodiversity conservation in China.However,our understand-ing of mammal species diversity in the park remains unclear.In order to understand its species diversity of mammals,162 infrared camera traps were placed in 125 grid cells(1 km×1 km per cell)from December 2018 to September 2021.A total of 9225 independent mammal photographs were taken with a sampling effort of 42078 camera-days.The survey re-corded 23 species of wild mammalian belonging to 6 orders and 13 families.Among the identified species,Manis pentadac-tyla and Muntiacus crinifrons are the classⅠnationally key protected wildlife,and 6 species are the classⅡnationally key protected wildlife.The relative abundance index and grid occupancy of Muntiacus vaginalis,Muntiacus reevesi,Sus scrofa,and Macaca thibetana were high.The proportion of existing mammals threatened in the area was high,with 30.4%and 60.8%respectively in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red List of China’s Vertebrates.The spatial distri-bution of mammal diversity in the park was affected by human activities,and the relative species abundance index was dis-tributed in a medium-peak pattern from low to high along the elevation gradient.This study preliminarily investigates the species composition,spatial distribution and relative abundance of large and medium-sized mammals in the park,improves the mammal cataloguing information,and thus provides important basic information for further protection,management and planning of national parks.