艺术伦理学研究的三个核心范畴——兼谈当代剧场中的道德舆论

Three Core Concepts in the Study of Ethics in Arts: A Debate on Morality in Contemporary Theaters

艺术伦理学研究以艺术善为起点形成了一个概念群。与一般善相比,艺术善有其独立性。如果不承认这种独立性,就取消了艺术伦理学研究的合法性,同时也会给艺术活动带来沉重的思想包袱。从艺术品的角度看,艺术善主要指形式上的完善。从艺术家的角度看,艺术善主要指内在的良善。艺术的完善与良善的统一就是巧夺天工与精益求精的内在一致。艺术道德与一般道德不同,总体而言是一种向内把握艺术善的再生性道德。艺术伦理作为艺术道德要依从具有精神控制力的东西,也面临着世俗化、庸俗化问题。目前,我国多种艺术伦理并存,交织在一起发挥作用。这也给某些人以探索新型的艺术伦理为口号践踏伦理道德、谋取私利创造了机会,这种情况所引发的旷日持久的道德舆论,只有在新的伦理生态下才能平息。

A cluster of concepts has been formed in the study of ethics in arts starting from the goodness in arts that has the independence compared to the general goodness.If this independence is not recognized,the study on ethics in arts would be rendered invalid and it would also bring a great ideological trouble to artistic activities.From the perspective of artistic works,the goodness in arts mainly refers to the perfection in the forms.From the perspective of artists,the goodness mainly indicates the internal kindness.The perfection and the unity of the kindness and goodness in arts are the inherent consistency of ingenuity and outstanding craftsmanship.The morals in arts are different from the general morality,which generally is regenerative,seeking to internalize the goodness in arts.The ethics in arts guides the morals in arts spiritually,which also faces the issues of secularization and vulgarity.At present,a variety of ethics in arts coexists and interweaves to exert their influences in China.And thus it also creates excuses for some people to violate the morality and seek personal gains with the slogan of exploring new forms of ethics in arts.The prolonged debate on morality in this situation can only be quelled in a new ethical ecosystem.