新疆农牧区哈萨克族儿童青少年肥胖状况及其与生活方式的关联

Obesity status of Kazakh children and adolescents in Xinjiang agricultural and pastoral areas and its correlation with lifestyle

目的了解新疆农牧区哈萨克族儿童青少年肥胖状况及其与生活方式的关联,为农牧区哈萨克族儿童青少年保持良好体型及健康干预提供参考和帮助。方法2022年4—6月以班级为单位采用分层整群抽样的方法,在新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州、阿勒泰地区农牧区对6242名10~20岁哈萨克族儿童青少年进行肥胖状况测试及生活方式问卷调查,采用χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归分析的方法对其进行分析。结果新疆农牧区哈萨克族儿童青少年肥胖检出率为18.71%,其中男生(22.24%)高于女生(15.12%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=52.04,P<0.01)。不同年级、吃水果频次、每天不同看电视时长、感觉未来有希望、是否感到疲惫、孤独、忧伤的学生肥胖率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.29、4.61、694.51、7.15、10.33、6.51、8.07,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,女生(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.56~0.69)、感觉未来有希望(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.94~0.99)是学生肥胖的保护因素(P<0.05);高中及以下年级(高中:OR=1.38,95%CI:1.24~1.57;初中:OR=1.82,95%CI:1.58~2.06;小学:OR=2.67,95%CI:2.33~2.99)、吃水果≥1次/d(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.16)、看电视≥2h/d(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.02~1.17)、经常疲惫(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.12)、经常孤独(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.19)、经常忧伤(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.04~1.14)是肥胖发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论新疆农牧区哈萨克族儿童青少年肥胖率较高且与生活方式存在密切关联,应改善不良生活方式,降低该地区哈萨克族儿童青少年的肥胖率,以促进身心健康发展。

Objective To understand the obesity status of Kazakh children and adolescents in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang and its association with lifestyle,so as to provide reference and help for maintaining good body shape and health intervention for Kazakh children and adolescents in agricultural and pastoral areas.Methods From April to June 2022,6242 Kazakh children and adolescents aged 10-20 years were tested for obesity and surveyed by lifestyle questionnaires using stratified whole-group sampling in the farming and herding areas of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and Altay Region,Xinjiang.χ^(2)test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data.Results The obesity detection rate of Kazakh children and adolescents in Xinjiang farming and herding areas was 18.71%,with higher rates in boys(22.24%)compared to girls(15.12%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=52.04,P<0.01).Significant differences were observed in the obesity rates based on grade level,fruit consumption frequency,screen time of television,feeling hopeful for the future,fatigue,loneliness,and sadness(χ^(2)=24.29,4.61,694.51,7.15,10.33,6.51,8.07,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that female students(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.69)and students who felt hopeful about the future(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.94-0.99)were protective factors against obesity(P<0.05);while high school and lower grades(senior high school OR=1.38,95%CI:1.24-1.57;junior high school OR=1.82,95%CI:1.58-2.06;primary school OR=2.67,95%CI:2.33-2.99),fruit consumption≥1time/d(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03-1.16),watching TV≥2h/d(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.02-1.17),frequent feeling of fatigue(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03-1.12),loneliness(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.19)and sadness(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.04-1.14)of students were risk factors for the development of obesity(P<0.05).Conclusions The obesity rate of Kazakh children and adolescents in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang is high and closely associated with lifestyle.Therefore,it is crucial to improve unhealthy lifestyles in order to reduce obesity and promote the physical and mental well-being of this population.