生物质气凝胶的制备及吸附应用

Preparation and adsorption application of biomass aerogels

气凝胶具有低密度、高比表面积和孔隙率,能高效吸附CO_(2)等气体和吸附水体中的重金属、有机染料、药物、农药等污染物,但传统的气凝胶难以降解、生物相容性较差。以生物质为原料制备的气凝胶具有成本低廉、绿色可再生、易于功能化等优点,近10年来得到迅速的发展。生物质之间具有显著的差异性,制备气凝胶的难度与要点各不相同。按生物质原料种类对气凝胶进行分类,如纤维素气凝胶、木质素气凝胶、水溶性多糖气凝胶等,简述了近几年各种生物质气凝胶的制备方法以及其吸附性能与吸附机理,探究了生物质气凝胶吸附剂发展面临的挑战,并展望了其未来发展方向。

Aerogels have low density,high specific surface area and porosity,and can efficiently absorb gases such as carbon dioxide and pollutants in water,such as heavy metals,organic dyes,drugs,pesticides,etc.However,traditional aerogels are difficult to degrade and have poor biocompatible.Aerogels made from biomass have the advantages of low cost,green and renewability and ease of functionalization,and have been developed rapidly in the past decade.Biomasses are significantly different,thus the difficulty and key points of preparing aerogels are different too.In this paper,aerogels were classified according to the types of biomass raw materials,such as cellulose aerogels,lignin aerogels,water-soluble polysaccharide aerogels gel,etc.The preparation methods,adsorption properties and adsorption mechanisms of various biomass aerogels in recent years were briefly described.The challenges for the development of biomass aerogel adsorbents were explored,and their future development direction was envisioned.