神经肌肉疲劳对跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时眼动特征的影响

Effects of Neuromuscular Fatigue on Eye Movement Characteristics of Taekwondo Athletes Tracking Moving Target

目的:旨在探讨跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时的视觉特征及神经肌肉疲劳对其视觉特征所产生的影响。方法:利用VR眼动仪分别采集24名跆拳道运动员训练前和训练后完成实验任务(追踪移动目标)与对照任务(无移动目标)时的眼动信息,测试持续42个训练日,共完成655人次测试;通过下蹲跳(CMJ)测试评价受试者训练后是否出现神经肌肉疲劳,最终筛选出44人次因训练产生神经肌肉疲劳的受试者的眼动参数进行统计分析。结果:与对照任务相比,受试者完成实验任务时瞳孔直径显著缩小,总注视次数显著减少;与非疲劳状态相比,神经肌肉疲劳状态下受试者完成实验任务时瞳孔直径显著增大,眼跳速度显著加快,平均注视时长显著加长。结论:跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时提取信息相对容易,仅需较少的注意力即可快速获取有效信息;出现神经肌肉疲劳后,跆拳道运动员追踪移动目标时瞳孔直径显著增大,对有效信息的敏感度降低、提取视觉信息的难度增大。

This study aims to investigate the visual attributes of Taekwondo athletes while tracking moving objects and assess the impact of neuromuscular fatigue on these attributes.Method:Employing a virtual reality(VR)eye tracking system,this study gathered eye movement data from a cohort of twenty-four elite Taekwondo athletes during both experimental(tracking moving target)and control(without moving target)tasks,both before and after their training sessions.The test lasted for 42 training days.The dataset comprised a total of 655 records.Subjects exhibiting signs of neuromuscular fatigue,as determined through the counter-movement jump(CMJ)test,were identified,resulting in a selection of 44 participants for subsequent statistical analysis.Results:In comparison to the control task,the subjects exhibited a significant reduction in pupil diameter and fixation duration during the experimental task,regardless of their fatigue status.Notably,the subjects in the neuromuscular fatigue displayed an increase in pupil diameter,enhanced saccade velocity,and prolonged fixation duration.Conclusion:Following extended specialized training,Taekwondo athletes exhibit improved tracking skills and information gathering,requiring less attention for the retrieval of valuable data.In the presence of neuromuscular fatigue,Taekwondo athletes experience an enlargement in pupil diameter,reduced sensitivity to valuable information,and increased difficulty in collecting visual information while tracking moving targets.