不同粒型花生品种氮磷钾养分积累动态研究

Study on the Dynamic Accumulation of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrients in Peanut Varieties with Different Grain Types

为明确不同粒型花生品种氮磷钾养分吸收动态及模式,在大田试验条件下,以大粒型花生品种花育22、中粒型花生品种花育20和小粒型花生品种农花16为试材,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同粒型花生品种氮磷钾养分积累量、积累最快时间、吸收最大速率及产量。两年试验结果表明:各生育时期大粒型花生品种植株和荚果的氮磷钾素积累量均最高,中粒品种次之,成熟时大粒品种平均分别比小粒品种高61.63%、60.37%、47.64%和77.97%、91.49%、86.74%,中粒品种分别比小粒品种高46.53%、50.99%、38.32%和63.53%、73.37%、77.92%;籽仁中氮磷钾含量亦表现为大粒品种>中粒品种>小粒品种;不同粒型花生品种氮磷钾素积累量符合“S”型生长曲线特征,小粒型品种氮素和磷素积累最快时间出现较早,2016年和2017年分别为出苗后58 d、65 d和53 d、81 d,大粒型品种则钾素积累最快时间较早,平均为出苗后54 d。大粒型和中粒型品种氮素和钾素最大积累速率均高于小粒型品种;大、中、小粒品种磷素最大积累速率平均分别为2.59,2.57,2.21 mg·plant^(-1)·d^(-1),3个品种之间差异未达到显著水平。大粒型品种百果重和百仁重均最大,分别为195.47 g、219.63 g和76.57 g、85.53 g,大粒型产量最高,达到5300.00 kg·hm^(-2),中粒型品种次之,为4744.44 kg·hm^(-2),小粒型品种产量最低,仅为4713.89 kg·hm^(-2),后两者分别比大粒型品种低10.48%和11.06%,且与大粒型品种均达到了差异显著水平(p<0.05)。

In order to clarify the nutrient uptake dynamics and patterns of peanut of different grain types,a large-grain peanut variety‘Huayu22’,a medium-grain peanut variety‘Huayu20’and a small-grain peanut variety‘Nonghua16’were used as materals.A field experiment accompanied by completely random design was conducted to study the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients,the fastest time of nutrient accumulation and the maximum rate of uptake and yield of peanut varieties of different grain types.Two years test results showed that the N,P and K nutrient accumulation in plants and pods of large-grained peanut varieties was the highest at different development stage,followed by medium-grained varieties.At maturity stage,the data in large-grained varieties was higher than that of small-grained varieties by 61.63%,60.37%,47.64%,and 77.97%,91.49%,86.74%,and also medium-grained varieties was higher than that of small-grained varieties by 46.53%,50.99%,38.32%and 63.53%,73.37%,77.92%;which was manifested by nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium content in seed kernel,large-grain varieties>medium-grain varieties>small-grain varieties.The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation in different grain peanut varieties showed characteristics of"S"growth curve.The fastest time of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in small-grain varieties appeared earlier as 58 d,65 d and 53 d,81 d after the emergence of seedlings in 2106 and 2017,while the fastest potassium accumulation occurred earlier in the large-grained varieties at 54 d.The maximum rate of accumulation of nitrogen and potassium was higher in large and medium grained varieties than in small grained varieties;the two-year means of maximum phosphorus accumulation rates of large,medium and small grain varieties were 2.59 mg·plant^(-1)·d^(-1),2.57 mg·plant^(-1)·d^(-1),and 2.21 mg·plant^(-1)·d^(-1),but the difference among the three varieties did not reach a significant level.Large-grained varieties had the largest 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight,which were 195.47 g,219.63 g and 76.57 g,85.53 g companied with the highest yield of 5300.00 kg·hm^(-2).The medium-grain variety was the second highest at 4744.44 kg·hm^(-2),and small-grained varieties had the lowest yield,which was 4713.89 kg·hm^(-2),the latter two were 10.48%and 11.06%lower than the large-grain variety,respectively,which had reached significant difference with p<0.05.