镁肥用量对4种叶类蔬菜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

Effect of Magnesium Fertilizer Dosage on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Four Leafy Vegetables

探究不同镁肥用量对不同叶类蔬菜产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响,为叶菜优质生产提供科学施肥方案。以4个不同叶类蔬菜品种(水东芥菜、吕田芥菜、增城菜心、‘粤薹1号’菜心)为供试材料,设置0 kg/hm^(2)(CK)、30 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(1))、60 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(2))、90 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(3))、120 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(4))5个不同镁肥用量处理,分析施镁对4种叶类蔬菜产量、品质、产值收益及养分吸收利用的影响。综合蔬菜产量与品质特性,本试验中水东芥菜Mg_(1)处理、吕田芥菜Mg_(4)处理、增城菜心Mg_(4)处理、‘粤薹1号’菜心Mg_(3)处理的增产、提质效果最优。与CK相比,水东芥菜在Mg_(1)处理的产量增加36.8%、收益增加47.1%、可溶性糖含量增加54.9%、维生素C含量增加18.5%、镁含量增加0.1%、磷吸收量增加182.7%;吕田芥菜在Mg_(4)处理下产量增加43.4%、收益增加44.5%、可溶性糖含量增加105.6%、氮吸收量增加29.6%、钾吸收量增加117.8%;增城菜心在Mg_(4)处理下产量增加79.3%、收益增加95.3%、镁含量增加0.2%、氮吸收量增加90.0%、钾吸收量增加167.2%;‘粤薹1号’菜心在Mg_(3)处理下产量增加56.1%、收益增加64.1%、维生素C含量增加16.7%、纤维素含量增加39.0%、镁含量增加0.3%,氮磷钾吸收量分别增加75.7%、58.9%、66.2%。综上所述,施镁可以提高叶类蔬菜产量、改善蔬菜品质、提升养分吸收利用效率、增加收益。因此,在叶类蔬菜实际生产中应适当配施镁肥,以达到蔬菜高产、优质、绿色生产的目的。

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different Mg fertilizer dosages on yield,quality and nutrient uptake and utilization of different leafy vegetables,and to provide a scientific fertilization scheme for leafy vegetable quality production.Four different leafy vegetable varieties(Shuidong mustard,Lvtian mustard,Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage and‘Yuetai No.1’Chinese flowering cabbage)were used as test materials,and five different Mg fertilizer treatments were set up,including 0 kg/hm^(2)(CK),30 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(1)),60 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(2)),90 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(3))and 120 kg/hm^(2)(Mg_(4)).The effects of Mg application on yield,quality,value of output gains,and nutrient uptake and utilization of four leafy vegetable varieties were analyzed.Based on the yield and quality characteristics of vegetables,the Mg_(1) treatment of Shuidong mustard,the Mg_(4) treatment of Lvtian mustard,the Mg_(4) treatment of Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage and the Mg_(3) treatment of‘Yuetai No.1’Chinese flowering cabbage achived the best yield and quality improvement effects in this trial.Compared with CK,the yield of Shuidong mustard increased by 36.8%,revenue by 47.1%,soluble sugar content by 54.9%,vitamin C content by 18.5%,magnesium content by 0.1%,and P uptake by 182.7%in the Mg_(1) treatment;the yield of Lvtian mustard increased by 43.4%,revenue by 44.5%,soluble sugar content by 105.6%,N uptake by 29.6%and K uptake by 117.8%.Zengcheng Chinese flowering cabbage increased yield by 79.3%,revenue by 95.3%,Mg content by 0.2%,N uptake by 90.0%and K uptake by 167.2%under the Mg_(4) treatment;‘Yuetai No.1’Chinese flowering cabbage increased yield by 56.1%,revenue by 64.1%,vitamin C content by 16.7%,Cellulose content by 39.0%and N,P,K uptake by 75.7%,58.9%and 66.2%,respectively.In summary,magnesium application can increase the yield of leafy vegetables,improve vegetable quality,enhance nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency,and increase income.Therefore,in the actual production of leafy vegetables,magnesium fertilizer should be applied appropriately to achieve a high yield and quality and green production of vegetables.