潮州凤凰单丛生长气候适宜性分析与品质气候评价

Evaluation of Climatic Suitability of Fenghuang Dancong Tea Growth and Climatic Quality in Chaozhou

为探究潮州凤凰单丛茶种植的气候优势,以凤凰单丛为研究对象,以潮州与饶平站1991—2020年气候观测资料为基础,利用2019—2021年区域内不同高度自动气象观测站气温、湿度、降水等要素观测值和南方丘陵山区气象要素随高度变化规律,推算气象要素气候平均值随海拔高度的变化,应用柯西分布模式阐释气候要素对茶树的影响,采用模糊数学方法计算不同海拔高度茶树生长的气候适宜度,利用气候品质评价方法评估不同高度茶园与不同采摘季节的茶叶气候品质。研究结果表明,总体而言,凤凰单丛茶种植区域的综合适宜度都比较高,该地区普遍适宜种植茶树,尤以300~900 m高度层最为适宜;凤凰单丛茶不同采摘季的气候品质排序为春1茶、春2茶、秋茶、夏茶;同时,中高山茶叶品质好于低山与平地茶叶。该研究较好揭示了凤凰单丛栽培的气候优势和茶叶品质的气候背景,可为这一重要农业文化遗产的保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。

The paper aims to explore the climatic advantages of growing Fenghuang Dancong tea in Chaozhou.The Fenghuang Dancong was taken as the research object,based on the climate observation data of Chaozhou station and Raoping station from 1991 to 2020,used the observed values of air temperature,humidity,precipitation and other elements of automatic meteorological observation stations at different heights in the region during 2019-2021 and the variation law of meteorological elements in hills and mountains in south China,the changes of climate mean values of meteorological elements with altitude were calculated.The Cauchy distribution model was applied to interpret the influence of climate elements on tea trees,the fuzzy mathematics method was used to calculate the climatic suitability of tea trees at different altitudes,and the climatic quality evaluation method was used to evaluate the tea leaf at different altitudes and in different picking seasons.The results showed that the overall comprehensive suitability of Fenghuang Dancong tea planting area was relatively high which demonstrates the region was very suitable for growing tea trees,especially in the layer from 300 meters to 900 meters above sea level..The climatic quality of Fenghuang Dancong tea in different picking seasons was ranked as spring 1 tea,spring 2 tea,autumn tea and summer tea.At the same time,the quality of middle and high mountain tea leave is better than that of low mountain and flat land tea leave.This study reveals the climatic advantages of Fenghuang Dancong tea planting and the climatic background of the tea quality which provide the scientific base for the conservation and sustainable development of the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.