法学交叉学科的生成路径与困境——以法律人类学为例

The Generation Path and Dilemma of Interdisciplinary Law:Taking Legal Anthropology as an Example

按照知识生产的基本模式,学科交叉的路径应该包括三个要素的交叉,即研究对象、研究方法、研究成果的交叉。从研究对象上讲,有着悠久历史的法学很早就完成了学科化建设,而由于学科分类与资源切割,人类学也在关注、研究法律现象。从研究方法上讲,在二十世纪上半叶,法学和人类学实现了第一次成功合作,人类学根据法学的“案例研究”方法创造了“纠纷案例研究法”,为法律民族志研究奠定了坚实基础。从研究成果上讲,第二次世界大战以后,法律人类学作品在数量和质量上逐步提升,相关作品也同时获得了人类学刊物和法学院的关注与认可。通过以上三个方面的介绍,可以发现,在研究对象、方法、成果等方面,法学和人类学实现了学科意义上的交叉。但奇怪的是,有不少学者坚持认为,法律人类学乃人类学的分支学科,而非人类学与法学的交叉学科。究其原因,主要是因为人类学只是单方面接受了法学的对象、方法及成果。促成交叉学科的关键在于研究对象、方法和成果的共享。当代中国应该吸取国外研究的经验教训,结合中国的实践从对象、方法、成果三个方面尽力促成人类学与法学实现真正的交叉与融合,让法学学术研究更好地融入并推进全面依法治国实践。

According to the basic mode of knowledge production,the path of interdisciplinary research should include the intersection of three elements:research objects,research methods,and research results.From the perspective of research objects,science of law,which enjoys a long history,has long completed its disciplinary construction,and due to disciplinary classification and resource cutting,anthropology is also paying attention to and studying legal phenomena.In terms of research methods,in the first half of the 20th century,law and anthropology achieved their first successful cooperation.Anthropology created the “trouble-cases method” based on the “case study” method of law,laying a solid foundation for the study of legal ethnography.In terms of research results,after World War II,the quantity and quality of legal anthropology works gradually increased,and related works also received attention and recognition from anthropological journals and law schools.Through the introduction of the above three aspects,it can be found that law and anthropology have achieved interdisciplinary significance in terms of research objects,methods,achievements,and etc.However,strangely enough,many scholars insist that legal anthropology is a branch of anthropology rather than an interdisciplinary field of anthropology and law.The main reason for this is that anthropology has only unilaterally accepted the objects,methods,and achievements of law.The key to promoting interdisciplinary research lies in the sharing of research objects,methods,and achievements.Contemporary China should draw on the experience and lessons of foreign countries,and combine China's practice to promote the true intersection and integration of anthropology and law from three aspects:objects,methods,and achievements,so as to better integrate and promote the comprehensive practice of rule of law in legal academic research.