北魏羌人的姓名改革与华夏化

The Name Reform and Sinicization of the Qiang People in the Northern Wei Dynasty

在十六国北朝姓名华夏化浪潮中,一些民族姓名汉化经历了曲折的历程。例如,作为羌中强族之后的钳耳他恶,在盖吴起义失败后“坐事腐刑”进入北魏宫廷成为阉宦。他受到冯太后的宠信,凭借官爵,仿效鲜卑姓名汉化,先后改名为钳耳庆时,钳耳遇、字庆时;但后因政治斗争失势,被免为庶民,在太和改制中被排除在改汉姓之外。直到宣武帝时期,钳耳遇凭借才干重新被起用,方才“被诏还姓”,改姓王氏。由于姓名在维持族属认同方面发挥着重要作用,在姓名华夏化改革中,无论鲜卑人、羌人,还是其他民族,都存在或多或少的保守态度。但是,改汉姓,成为高门大姓,从而长期享有政治文化权利,始终是这一时期边疆及内迁诸族姓名华夏化的主流,即使历经曲折,也最终融入华夏姓氏的海洋之中。

During the wave of sinicization of names in the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties,the sinicization of some ethnic names went through a tortuous process.For example,Qian'er Ta'e钳耳他恶,a descendant of the powerful Qiang tribe,was banished to the court of the Northern Wei Dynasty to become a eunuch after the failure of the Gaiwu Uprising盖吴起义.He was favored and trusted by Empress Feng冯太后.And by virtue of his official position and title,he imitated the sinicization of Xianbei's鲜卑names and successively changed his name to Qian'er Qingshi钳耳庆时,and then Qian'er Yu(with the courtesy name Qingshi)钳耳遇(庆时).However,he later lost power in the political struggle and became a commoner,so he was excluded from the surnames sinicization of Taihe Reform太和改制.It was not until the reign of Emperor Xuanwu宣武帝that Qian'er Yu was reinstated due to his talent,and his surname was changed to Wang王by the imperial edict and finally realized the sinicization of his name.Since names have played an important role in maintaining ethnic identity,there were more or less conservative attitudes in the reform of name sinicization,regardless of the Xianbei,Qiang,or other ethnic groups.However,adopting Han surnames to become high-ranking surnames,thereby enjoying longterm political and cultural rights,was the mainstream of the sinicization of the surnames of various ethnic groups in the borderland and the inner land during this period.Even after many twists and turns,they were eventually integrated into the ocean of Huaxia surnames.