北朝胡姓墓志黄帝祖源记忆的历史书写——从中华民族共同体意识的历史视角审视

Historical Writing of the Memory of Huangdi's Ancestral Origin in the Grave Records of Hu Surnames in the Northern Dynasty:Examined from the Historical Perspective of the Community Consciousness of the Chinese Nation

北朝胡姓对黄帝祖源记忆的历史书写,在中古民族融合与华夏认同方面极具典型意义。通过对北朝墓志的系统梳理,可知胡姓墓志关于黄帝祖源记忆的历史书写,在时间、地域与人群方面呈现出鲜明特征。北魏晚期以来,黄帝祖源记忆的主要书写人群为内迁胡姓中的洛阳新贵,尤以北魏宗室成员数量最多。墓志对黄帝祖源的历史书写已经成为新兴内迁胡姓的文化传统,黄帝祖源记忆是其认同拓跋氏皇权体系、参与分享政治文化资源的重要途径之一。北朝墓志对黄帝祖源的历史书写,是内迁胡姓拓展华夏知识体系并进一步强调华夏身份的结果,反映出“大一统”话语体系的广泛影响。对北朝黄帝祖源记忆的历史书写变迁历程进行考察,不仅有助于丰富中古边疆民族在祖源书写方面融入华夏历史的研究,而且对深化中华民族共同体意识的历史内涵具有一定现实意义。

The historical writing of the Hu surname in the Northern Dynasties on the memory of Huangdi's ancestor is of typical significance in terms of the integration of ethnic groups in the Middle Ages and the identity of China and Xia.Through the systematic combing of tombstones of the Northern Dynasties,we can see that the historical writing of the Hu surname on the memory of the ancestor of Huangdi shows distinctive characteristics in terms of time,region and population.Since the late Northern Wei Dynasty,the main writing group of Huangdi's ancestor memory is the Luoyang nouveau riche of the internal migration of Hu surnames,especially the largest number of Northern Wei clan members.The historical writing of Huangdi's ancestor in tombstones has become a cultural tradition of the new internalized Hu surnames,and the memory of the Huangdi's ancestor is one of the important ways for them to identify with the imperial system of the Tuoba clan and to participate in the sharing of political and cultural resources.The historical writing of Huangdi's ancestral origin in Northern Dynasty tombstones is a result of the expansion of the Chinese knowledge system and further emphasis on the Chinese identity of the migrated Hu surnames,reflecting the extensive influence of the"Great Unification"discourse system.Examining the historical writing of Huangdi's ancestor memory in the Northern Dynasties not only helps to enrich the study of the integration of Chinese history into the ancestor writing of the border peoples in the Middle Ages,but also has certain practical significance in deepening the historical connotation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation.