种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作系统玉米产量性状及品质的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Maize Yield Traits and Quality in Maize-soybean Strip Intercropping System

陇东黄土高原玉米种植面积大,提高玉米产量和改善品质的适宜带状间作种植密度非常重要。本文以当地玉米单作(49500株/hm^(2))为对照,设玉米低密度(45000株/hm^(2))和高密度(54000株/hm^(2))两种玉米-大豆带状间作种植密度,研究带状间作种植密度对玉米产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与玉米单作处理相比:(1)间作处理玉米穗粗和穗行数略有降低,高密度种植时玉米穗长和行粒数最高,分别达到21.2 cm和40.5粒/行;(2)高密度间作种植增加了玉米产量,显著增加了玉米地上部干物质量(20949 kg/hm^(2));(3)高密度间作种植时,玉米籽粒蛋白、脂肪及纤维含量最高,较玉米单作处理分别提高10.9%、2.53%和2.91%。主成分分析可以解释不同处理结果79.6%的差异,高密度带状间作种植对玉米的产量和品质影响更为显著。研究表明,该区域玉米-大豆带状间作种植中,玉米以54000株/hm^(2)密度种植,可提高玉米的产量和品质,适合在陇东黄土高原及类似地区推广应用。

It's very important to find the appropriate planting density of maize in strips intercropping system,which is beneficial to improve maize yield and quality.In this paper,the local maize sole cropping(49500 plants/hm^(2))was used as the control,and two maize-soybean strip intercropping densities were set:lower densities(45000 plants/hm^(2))and higher densities(54000 plants/hm^(2)),to study the effects of strip intercropping density on maize yield and quality.The results showed that compared with sole treatment:(1)the ear diameter and row number of maize in intercropping treatment decreased slightly,and the ear length and grain number per row were the highest in maize high-density planting treatment,reaching 21.2 cm and 40.5 grains per row;(2)high-density intercropping increased the yield of maize and significantly increased the aboveground dry matter mass of maize(20949 kg/hm^(2));(3)the content of protein,fat and fiber in corn grain was the highest in high-density intercropping,which was 10.9%,2.53%and 2.91%higher than that in maize monocropping treatment,respectively.The principal component analysis can explain the difference of 79.6%in the results among different treatments,and the effect of high-density strip intercropping on the yield and quality of maize is more significant.The results showed that in the strip intercropping of maize and soybean in this region,the maize planting density of 54000 plants/hm^(2) can improve the yield and quality of maize,which is suitable for popularization and application in the Longdong Loess Plateau and similar regions.