基于小鼠粪菌移植临床前研究影响因素的讨论

Discussion of factors influencing preclinical studies based on fecal bacteria transplantation in mice

粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplant,FMT)是一种以肠道微生物为靶向,通过将供体的粪便微生物移植到受体的胃肠道,以重构受体肠道菌群的治疗方式。但FMT应对不同疾病的作用机制及不良反应尚未明确,因而无法广泛应用于临床,仍需依赖临床前研究的深入。介于当前报道中实验细节高度不一致或不完整,加之缺乏权威的标准及建议,不仅严重影响了其研究结果的解释和实验过程的复制,同时阻碍了成果的临床转化。本文回顾并讨论了受体选择及移植样本收集、储存、移植材料制备、移植途径等关键步骤,以期能提高实验动物、耗材及劳动力等因素的利用率,为实现FMT临床前研究的可复制及标准化提供方法学建议与参考。

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a therapeutic approach that targets intestinal microorganisms by transplanting fecal microorganisms from healthy individuals into the gastrointestinal tract of diseased individuals,thus restoring the recipient’s disordered gastrointestinal microbiota by restructuring the intestinal flora.However,the mechanism of action and adverse effects of FMT in different diseases have not yet been clarified,thus limiting its wide clinical application.Its use still relies on in-depth preclinical studies;however,highly inconsistent or incomplete experimental details provided in current reports,coupled with a lack of authoritative standards and recommendations,seriously affect the interpretation of the study findings and replication of the experimental procedures,as well as hindering the clinical translation of the result.We therefore review and discuss the key steps of recipient selection and graft sample collection,storage,graft material preparation,and grafting route,with the aim of improving the utilization of experimental animals,consumables,and labor,and providing method ological recommendations and references to achieve replicability and standardization of preclinical FMT studies.