大革命失败后中共对党员“自首”问题的因应(1927—1931)

The CPC’s Response to the Issue of Members“Surrendering”After the Failure of the Great Revolution(1927-1931)

大革命失败后,面对白色恐怖和国民党政府的“自首”政策,一些中共党员或因个人私利,或应地方党组织要求,而选择了“自首”。对此,中共地方组织出于实践需要,灵活执行中央制定的洗刷登记、惩治首恶等措施。1929年下半年开始,结合巡视员反馈,中共中央逐步重塑对“自首”问题的理论阐释,将这一行为明确界定为叛变、反革命,并确立了严厉处置的组织原则,要求必须将“自首”分子开除出党。中共对“自首”问题的因应对于其在逆境中自我修复和安全存续发挥了关键作用,也折射出中共的组织特性与政治文化。

After the failure of the Great Revolution,in the face of the White Terror and the“surrender”policy of the KMT government,some CPC members chose to“surrender,”either for personal gain or to comply with the demands of the local party organization.In response,out of practical needs,local CPC organizations flexibly implemented measures,such as registration and punishment of major wrongdoers directed by the central leadership.Starting in the latter half of 1929,in conjunction with feedback from inspectors,the CPC Central Committee gradually reshaped its theoretical interpretation of the issue of“surrendering”and explicitly defined this behavior as betrayal and counter-revolutionary.It established strict organizational principles for handling such cases,requiring that individuals who had“surrendered”must be expelled from the party.The CPC’s response to the“surrendering”issue played a crucial role in its self-recovery and survival in adversity,reflecting the CPC’s organizational characteristics and political culture.