猴痘合并HIV感染疾病特征的研究进展

Research progress on the characteristics of monkeypox combined with HIV-infected diseases

猴痘病毒的传播对HIV感染者构成了巨大威胁。一方面,猴痘病毒在HIV感染者中的感染率居高不下,在其他性传播疾病中的感染率也较高,如梅毒、淋病等;另一方面,尽管猴痘是自限性疾病,但与非HIV感染的猴痘患者相比,猴痘合并HIV感染患者的重症和死亡风险显著提升,尤其是在免疫重建不全的HIV感染者中。此外,在猴痘合并HIV感染的患者中,尤其是在CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数小于200×10^(3)/L的免疫重建不全的HIV感染者中,其临床症状比普通猴痘患者更加持久和严重,诊疗难度大。因此,全面了解猴痘合并HIV感染患者的疾病特征对于有效预防及减少猴痘传播至关重要。本文对猴痘合并HIV感染患者的病原学特征、流行病学特点、临床特征、诊断治疗和预防等方面进行阐述,旨在增强对猴痘合并HIV感染患者的全面了解,为针对这一类特殊人群制定精准防控策略提供理论支持。

The widespread transmission of monkeypox virus poses a significant threat to people living with HIV.On the one hand,the HIV infection rate among people infected with monkeypox virus remains high,and at the same time,the infection rate of other sexually transmitted diseases is also increasing,such as syphilis and gonorrhea.On the other hand,although monkeypox is a self-limiting disease,compared with non-HIV-infected monkeypox patients,monkeypox and HIV-infected patients have a significantly higher risk of severe illness and death,especially in HIV-infected patients with incomplete immune reconstitution.In addition,in patients with monkeypox and HIV infection,the clinical symptoms are more persistent and severe,especially in HIV-infected patients with incomplete immune reconstitution whose CD4^(+)T 3 lymphocyte count is less than 200×10^(3) cells/L,making diagnosis and treatment more difficult.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the disease characteristics of monkeypox and HIV-infected patients is crucial to effectively prevent and reduce the spread of monkeypox.This article describes the etiological characteristics,epidemiological characteristics,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of patients with monkeypox and HIV infection,aiming to enhance the comprehensive understanding of patients with monkeypox and HIV infection,and provide guidance for this special group of patients.Provide theoretical support for the population to formulate precise prevention and control strategies.