基层公务员一元思维方式及其影响机制——一个理论分析框架

Grassroots Civil Servants’One-dimensional Thinking and Its Influencing Mechanism:A Theoretical Framework

底线心态发轫于经管领域,是描述员工关注某项重要事项而忽视其他竞争性事项的一元思维。在公共管理领域讨论底线心态,是为了解释基层公务员在工作中“左支右绌”的行为困境。基层公务员的底线心态具备灵活性特征,据此提出可能的测量方式,并从底线心态的形成机制和影响效应两个方面来揭示其过程。关于形成机制,可分制度、组织、个体三个层面讨论。其中,目标设定、感知问责、上级底线心态、关注自我利益、社会善念以及情绪耗竭等因素对基层公务员的底线心态产生影响;关于影响效应,根据管理效益和社会伦理两个维度,将基层公务员的组织行为划分为四种类型,由此深入阐述不同要素的底线心态对基层公务员不同类型的组织行为的影响。基层公务员底线心态研究能够促进相关理论发展,值得公共管理学者和实践者重视。

The concept of bottom-line mentality,originating in the field of business management,describes a one-dimensional thinking in which employees focus on one particular important matter while neglecting other competitive ones.Discussing bottom-line mentality in the field of public administration aims to explain grassroots civil servants'behavioral dilemma of“attending to one thing and losing another”at work.The bottomline mentality of grassroots civil servants is characterized by flexibility,and accordingly this article suggests possible measurement methods and further reveals the process of bottom-line mentality from two aspects:the formation mechanism of bottom-line mentality and its influential effectiveness.Regarding the formation mechanism,it delves into three levels,i.e.the institutional,the organizational,and the individual,and factors such as goal setting,perception of accountability,superior's bottle-line mentality,caring about self-interest,social mindfulness,and emotional exhaustion can impact the bottom-line mentality of grassroots civil servants.Regarding the influential effectiveness,according to the two dimensions of management effectiveness and social ethics,organizational behavior of grassroots civil servants is categorized into four types,which offers an indepth exploration of the influence of different elements of bottom-line mentality on different types of organizational behavior of grassroots civil servants.Research on the bottom-line mentality of grassroots civil servants contributes to the development of related theories and deserves attention from scholars and practitioners in public administration.