“隐变量理论”是特设性假说吗——兼论“可检验性”标准

Is"Hidden Variable"Theory a Ad Hoc Hypothesis:On the Standard of"Testability"

从EPR佯谬理论的提出到贝尔不等式的实验检验,“隐变量理论”实现了从形而上学之争到可检验的科学理论的转变。“隐变量理论”的历史嬗变表明,假说的“可检验性”并非一成不变,而是随着历史条件的改变而发生变化。这意味着把“可检验性”当成一个纯粹的分析性概念是有问题的,“可检验性”也是一个兼具分析性和综合性的范畴。为了使“可检验性”标准能够更好地解释真实的科学历史,需要摆脱传统的分析性理解,以一种历史的眼光重新理解“可检验性”。

From the proposal of EPR Paradox to the experimental testing of Bell's Inequality,Hidden Variable Theory has realized the transition from metaphysical dispute to testable scientific theory.The evolution of the Theory shows that the"testability"of hypothesis is not invariable,but keeps changing with historical conditions,which means that it is problematic to consider"testability"as a purely analytical concept as it is a category that is both analytical and synthetic.In order to better interpret the real science history,it is necessary to get rid of the traditional analytical understanding and to re-understand"testability"from a historical perspective.