基于语调的普通话语音情感感知范畴研究

A Study on the Perception of Speech Emotion in Mandarin

在语言中,不同音位之间都具有音位感知范畴,其功能是区别意义。语音情感的表达则不同,虽然语音情感的表达无法区别具体的词义,但也传递了丰富的情感信息。本文以普通话为例,探讨在人类认知中不同语音情感之间是否具有语音情感范畴。实验结果表明,“喜—怒”“喜—悲”“喜—中”和“悲—中(母本是中)”的语音情感感知范畴明显,通过基频、时长两个参数就可以进行区分。其中,“喜—怒”“喜—悲”“喜—中”的感知模式是范畴感知,“悲—中(母本是中)”是连续感知。“怒—悲”“怒—中”“悲—中(母本是悲)”之间没有明确的语音情感感知范畴,可能依赖于其他声学参数的变化进行识别。本研究通过范畴感知研究发现,人类认知中对于不同语音情感的感知范畴并不均等;对于情感的分类方法究竟是维度法还是离散法,最终还是要回到具体语言的认知中。国家通用语言的情感感知和认知研究对于其学习和推广具有重要价值和意义。

Different phonemes have phonemic perceptual categories in language,whose function is to distinguish lexical meanings.The expression of speech emotion is different.Although the speech emotion cannot distinguish the lexical meaning,it conveys rich emotional information.The paper takes Mandarin as an example to investigate whether there are the perceptual categories of different speech emotions in human cognition.Based on the results of perceptual experiments,the perceptual categories of"joy-anger""joy-sadness""joy-normal"and"sadnessnormal"("normal"is the master sound)are obvious.These speech emotions can be distinguished by two parameters:fundamental frequency and duration.The perception modes of"joy-anger""joy-sadness"and"joy-normal"are categorial perception,while"sadnessnormal"("sadness is the mater sound")is continuous perception.There is no clear perceptual category between"anger-sadness""anger-normal"and"sadness-normal"("sadness"is the master sound),and they may rely on the changes of other acoustic parameters for recognition.Categorial perception analyses showed that the perceptual categories of different speech emotions in human cognition are not equal.It is necessary to return to the cognition in specific languages to choose dimensional or discrete methods of emotion classification.Studies on speech emotion perception and cognition of national common language has important theoretical significance for its learning and popularization.