高温下钾肥调控水稻产量的研究进展

Research Progress of Potassium Fertilizer Controlling Rice Yield under High Temperature

全球气候变暖导致的极端高温天气严重影响水稻生产,研究水稻高温伤害机理以及栽培调控措施对阐明水稻高温伤害具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来水稻幼穗分化期、抽穗开花期及灌浆期高温对产量形成的影响及机理,包括花粉发育、颖花育性、灌浆结实、活性氧产生和清除、糖代谢、激素变化等生理生化过程。钾参与植物多个生理过程的调控,因此本文从“源―流―库”的调节、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长、活性氧和激素的稳态等方面论述了钾肥在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的可能作用,概述了不同栽培措施对高温下水稻产量形成的调控,并结合现有研究对优化钾肥管理、提高水稻的抗热性进行了展望。

The extreme high temperature weather caused by global warming have serious effects rice production.It is of great significance to investigate the mechanism of high temperature injury and the cultivation regulation measures to clarify rice high temperature injury.This paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of high temperatures on the rice yield formation at the panicle initiation stage,heading stage,and grain filling stage in recent years,including the physiological and biochemical processes such as pollen development,spikelet fertility and grain filling,production and elimination of active oxygen,sugar metabolism,hormone changes,etc.Potassium is involved in the regulation of multiple physiological processes of plants.Therefore,this paper discusses the possible role of potassium fertilizer in alleviating rice high temperature stress from the aspects of the regulation of“source-flow-sink”,pollen germination and pollen tube elongation,and the steady state of active oxygen and hormones.We also summarizes the regulation of different cultivation measures on rice yield formation under high temperature.Combined with the existing research,the prospect of optimizing potassium fertilizer management to improve the heat resistance of rice were prospected.