面向航班高峰期的机场地勤车辆多阶段优化调度方法

Multi-Stage Optimization Method for Dispatch of Ground-Service Vehicles at the Airports During Peak Flight Period

在航班运行高峰时段内,地面服务需求更加集中,机场可调度的地勤车辆数量有限,可能引发航班延误,导致机场多方面损失。针对该问题,研究了地勤车辆多阶段优化调度方法,重点考虑摆渡车和加油车2种地勤保障车路由与时间窗口限制,以航班准点率及延误时间为评价指标进行优化调度。构建了具有4类节点和5类弧的容量-费用网络G1,通过设置合适弧容量及费用参数,确定最小费用流规划模型;采用拉格朗日松弛启发式算法对模型求解,通过不断寻优,设置对偶间隙初值、容许误差,最大迭代次数,输出预测结果;深入分析高峰时段的航班运行状态,构建基于时空网络的整数线性规划模型,优化第一阶段未服务航班的总延误时间;结合最小化最大值定理,构建单航班服务延误模型,将单个航班延误造成的损失降到最低。最后,基于实际航班数据,结合机坪平面布局开展仿真实验和验证,结果表明:利用优化调度得到加油车和摆渡车准时服务的最大航班数分别为30,131架·次,待服务航班的最小总延误时间分别为223,542 min,航班总延误下降21.56%,显著缩短航班延误时间,提升了机场场面的整体运行效率。

During the peak hours of flights,the demand for ground service is more concentrated.Plus,the limited number of available handing vehicles for dispatching at the airport,flights delay occurs,which have caused losses to the airport in many aspects.Aiming at this issue,a multi-stage optimization method for dispatch of ground-services vehicles is proposed,with a focus on considering the routing and time window constraints of shuttle buses and refu-eling vehicles.The flight punctuality rate and delay time are used as evaluation indexes to dispatch-optimization.A capacity-cost network G1 with four types of nodes and five types of arcs is developed.By setting appropriate arc ca-pacity and cost parameters,the planning model of the minimum cost flow is determined,and Lagrangian relaxation heuristic algorithm is used to solve the problem.Through continuous optimization,the initial value of the dual gap,the allowable error,and the maximum number of iterations are set,and the prediction results are output.The flight operation status during peak hour is deeply analyzed,and an integer linear programming model is proposed based on a time-space network,in which the total delay of unserved flights is optimized in the first stage.Combined with the minimum-maximum theorem,a delay model for a single flight is developed to minimize the loss.Finally,based on the real flight data,simulation experiments and the method validation are carried out combing with the apron lay-out.The results shown that:①the maximum number of flights served on-time by refueling and shuttle vehicles are 30 and 131,respectively;②the minimum total delay of flights to be served are 223 and 542 min,respectively;③the total flight delay decreased by 21.56%,significantly shortening the flight delay and improving the overall opera-tional efficiency at the airport.