“生物-文化多样性”理念证成与非遗法治创新

Justification of the Concept of Biocultural Diversity and Innovation in Intangible Heritage Legislation

“生物-文化多样性”理念是一种建基于生物多样性和文化多样性,整合、全面与协同看待人类与自身、文化、环境关系的世界观与认识论。该理念以实现可持续发展为宗旨,通过事先知情同意实现社区、原住居民和传统知识等要素相联互通。以该理念审察非遗法治十多年进程,我国虽在国家文化生态保护区建设、非遗地方立法践行事先知情同意等方面成就突出,但仍存在定位归类有待明确、上下位阶法律适用冲突、获取和惠益分享法律制度尚待建构等问题。我国应以最新版《非遗意见》为指引,在立法目的转化、结构框架调整、具体问题解决等方面展现该理念助推非遗法治创新。

The concept of biocultural diversity represents a comprehensive worldview and epistemological framework grounded in the principles of biological and cultural diversity.It seeks to holistically and collaboratively examine the interconnected relationships between humanity,culture,and the environment.With the mission to achieve sustainable development,the concept emphasizes connectivity among communities,indigenous peoples,and traditional knowledge through informed consent.This study scrutinizes the decade-long progress in legislation pertaining to intangible cultural heritage in China through the lens of biocultural diversity.Notable achievements have been made,particularly in the establishment of national cultural ecological protection zones and the implementation of informed consent in local intangible cultural heritage protection practice.However,certain challenges persist,encompassing issues such as the clarification of classification and positioning,conflicts arising from the application of laws,and the need for the development of legal frameworks concerning the acquisition and equitable sharing of benefits.With the“Opinions on Further Enhancing Intangible Heritage Protection”as a guiding document,it is suggested that the concept of biocultural diversity be further applied to foster the transformation of legislative objectives,adjustments to structural frameworks,and the resolution of specific issues so as to ultimately promote China’s innovation in intangible cultural heritage legislation.