2010—2022年山东省聊城市麻疹流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Liaocheng city of Shandong province from 2010 to 2022

目的分析2010—2022年山东省聊城市麻疹流行病学特征,为聊城市消除麻疹工作提供依据。方法采用流行病学方法回顾分析2010—2022年聊城市麻疹流行特征。结果2010—2022年聊城市共报告麻疹病例1356例,其中实验室确诊1262例,临床诊断94例,年均报告发病率1.77/10万,报告发病率呈下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=2934.037,P<0.001)。2010年和2013—2016年报告发病率较高,其余年度为散发,发病高峰主要集中在1—6月和12月。报告发病率全市前三位依次为东昌府区、高唐县和东阿县。病例集中在≤3岁儿童和≥20岁成人、占报告病例总数的91.15%。无含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史病例占58.92%,免疫史不详病例占25.00%。基因型鉴定232例麻疹监测病例中,226例为本土H1型,6例为疫苗株A型。结论2010—2022年聊城市麻疹报告发病率呈下降趋势,2020年麻疹报告发病率最低。需继续维持适龄儿童2剂次MCV高水平覆盖率和接种及时率,主动开展大年龄组人群,尤其是人口流动较大和与外省(市)交界的县(区)重点人群的MCV接种并加强监测,保持麻疹监测系统高质量运转,提高病原学标本检测阳性率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Liaocheng city from 2010 to 2022,and provide basis for the elimination of measles in Liaocheng.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of measles was analyzed with retrospective epidemiological methods in Liaocheng city from 2010 to 2022.Results Out of 1356 measles cases reported in Liaocheng city from 2010 to 2022,there were 1262 cases confirmed by laboratory testing,and 94 cases clinically diagnosed.The average annual reported incidence rate was 1.77/100000,and showed decreasing trend(trendχ^(2)=2934.037,P<0.001)in different years.The reported incidence rate was high in 2010 and 2013-2016,and the epidemic was sporadic in other years.Measles cases were mainly concentrated from January to June and December.The top three reported incidence rates in the city were Dongchangfu district,Gaotang county and Dong'e county in turn.About 91.15%of the total cases were people aged less 3 years and over 20 years old,58.92%of the cases had no history of measlescontaining vaccine(MCV),and 25.00%don't know if they have been vaccinated.There were 232 suspected measles cases in which measles virus genotypes were available,including 226 cases with H1 genotypes,6 cases with vaccine strain A genotype..Conclusions The reported incidence of measles in Liaocheng city decreased from 2010 to 2022,and reached lowest incidence in 2020.It is necessary to maintain high coverage rate and timely vaccination rate of 2 doses of MCV in school-age children.Take the initiative to carry out MCV vaccination and strengthen the monitoring of key populations in large age groups,especially in counties(districts)with large population movements and bordering with foreign provinces(cities).The measles surveillance system should be maintained with high quality operation,and to increase the rate of positive testing of pathogenetic specimens.