基于知识的遗产旅游地治理——丹霞山的案例研究

KNOWLEDGE-BASED GOVERNANCE OF HERITAGE TOURISM SITE:A CASE STUDY OF DANXIA MOUNTAIN

当前遗产旅游地的主要矛盾从遗产资源的经济价值使用者的矛盾转变为遗产多元价值使用者间的矛盾,对既有基于经济价值的公共资源治理理论形成挑战。本文以质性数据为基础,通过对广东丹霞山的研学旅游现象分析,研究了知识如何在遗产多元价值使用中对遗产地进行治理。研究发现:知识可以成为治理遗产地多元价值利用冲突的有效工具,其中知识话语是治理权力运作的基础,也是管理机构治理权威的来源。知识话语通过对遗产旅游地空间重组来对遗产旅游地进行治理,同时知识通过对资源利用者身份认同和责任的培育使其成为积极参与遗产旅游地治理的主体。本研究从知识的视角重新理解遗产地治理,对遗产旅游地中的权力运作与价值认知研究具有启示意义,对当前遗产地多元价值冲突治理具有现实意义。

Heritage tourism sites have undergone a transformation in their main contradiction from a competition for the economic value of heritage resources among stakeholders to conflicts between multiple values.Existing theoretical perspectives based on public resource governance overlook the significance of heritage values and its connection to the meaning behind governance practices and power relations.The definition and use of heritage values are closely tied to social processes of knowledge production and dissemination.This paper examines the role of knowledge as a governance tool in the case study of Danxia Mountain World Natural Heritage tourism destination.Findings show that knowledge can serve as an effective governance mechanism in the face of conflicts arising from multiple values in heritage tourism sites.1)Knowledge discourse serves as the foundation of governance power operation and the source of authority for management agency.2)Knowledge discourse further leverages spatial reorganization of heritage tourism sites to exert its governance power.3)Knowledge fosters the identity and responsibility of heritage resource users and turns them into active participants.Knowledge shapes heritage resource users'cognition and imagination of heritage tourism sites and instills in them a sense of identity and responsibility,making heritage resource users autonomous agents who conform to the knowledge discourse and actively participate in heritage protection and value dissemination.