宋代“村田乐”画题与社日民俗考

A Study of the Artistic Subject“Village Pleasures”and the Sheri Folk Culture in the Song Dynasty

“村田乐”是宋代绘画中十分常见的一类风俗画题材,深受学术界关注,但其中所反映的宋代社日民俗与政治内涵还未引起学界的足够重视。通过对宋代社日习俗的考察,结合绘画细节以及画史文献、诗歌文学等分析,可以发现宋代“村田乐”画题集中表现了社日活动中的祭祀、踏歌和醉归等习俗,生动体现了宋代乡村自由活泼的文化生态,也表达了统治阶层希望百姓安居乐业的治国理想,为人们认识宋代政治和社会民俗提供了极为珍贵的图像资料。

"Village Pleasures"is a common theme in Song Dynasty painting and has received widespread academic attention.However,the refected social customs and political implications have not received enough attention.Through an examination of Song Dynasty social customs and an analysis of painting details,along with art historical documents,and poetry,it can be observed that the theme of"Village Pleasures"in Song Dynasty painting predominantly showcases customs on the Sheri Festival,such as rituals,singing,and returning home drunk in the context of social gatherings.These images vividly refect the free and lively cultural ecosystem of Song Dynasty rural areas and express the ruling class ideal of ensuring the well-being and contentment of the common people.They are valuable visual materials for understanding the politics and social customs of the Song Dynasty.