章嘉·若贝多吉入藏主持寻访七世达赖喇嘛转世灵童始末考

A Study on the ICang skya Rol pavi rDo rje's Visit to Xizang to Preside over the Search for the Reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama

乾隆二十二年(1757)七世达赖喇嘛格桑嘉措圆寂,国师章嘉·若贝多吉奉乾隆皇帝旨意前往西藏主持寻访认定转世灵童。学界以往认为章嘉·若贝多吉在藏期间和六世班禅在后藏就转世灵童事宜达成某种共识,较为顺利地完成了灵童寻访认定。文章认为,近年新披露的满汉蒙藏等多语种史料,显示七世达赖喇嘛转世灵童的认定过程复杂曲折,并不存在所谓的共识。章嘉·若贝多吉在藏期间,为及时准确地选定转世灵童四处奔波、权衡各方利益,为清代西藏地方政局稳定、清朝统一多民族国家的形成和巩固作出了巨大贡献。梳理这些史料能够重新考究章嘉·若贝多吉第二次入藏期间主持寻访七世达赖喇嘛转世灵童的始末,揭示其为国家统一、民族团结作出的历史功绩。

In the 22nd year of Qianlongs reign(1757),the Seventh Dalai Lama sKal-bzang rGya-mtsho passed away.At the request of Emperor Qianlong,ICang-skya Rol-pavi rDo-rje went to Xizang to preside over the search for the reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama.The academic circles used to think that ICang-skya Rol-pavi rDo-rje and the Sixth Panchen Lama reached a certain consensus on the reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama during his stay in Xizang,and successfully completed the search for the reincarnation.However,the newly disclosed multilingual historical data in recent years,including Manchu,Chinese,Mongolian and Tibetan materials,shows that the identification process of the reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama was complicated and tortuous,and there was no so-called consensus.During his stay in Xizang,in order to timely and accurately select the reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama,ICang-skya Rol-pavi rDo-rje traveled around and weighed the interests of all parties,and made a great contribution to the stability of the local political situation of Xizang in the Qing Dynasty and the formation and consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country.Sorting out these historical materials can re-examine the search for the reincarnation of the Seventh Dalai Lama by ICangskya Rol-pavi rDo-rje during his second visit to Xizang,and reveal his historical achievements for national unity.