基于居住权的“以房养老”模式研究

A Research on the“House-for-Pension”Model Based on the Right of Habitation

随着我国老龄化程度加深,养老问题在法学领域引发强烈关注。出卖房屋、住房反向抵押、出租房屋等是传统的“以房养老”模式。《中华人民共和国民法典》中关于居住权制度的规定,为维护老人居住权益、拓宽养老金来源、创新“以房养老”模式提供了基本保障。传统居住权“以房养老”模式借鉴空虚所有权交易,存在着易侵害老年人居住权益和背离现行法律规定的弊端,落实难度较大。可创设不同类型的转移居住权式“以房养老”模式,使其既契合我国法律的规定,又符合我国老年人产权观念。新型“以房养老”模式仍存在若干风险,需全方位做好风险防控。

With the deepening of aging in our country,the issue of elderly care has sparked strong attention in the field of law.There are traditional“house-for-pension”models such as selling houses,reverse mortgage,renting houses,etc.The provisions on the right of habitation in Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China provide basic guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of the elderly in terms of housing,expanding the source of pension funds,and innovating the“house-for-pension”models.The traditional“house-for-pension”model based on the right of habitation draws on the transaction of vacant ownership and has the drawbacks of easily infringing on the rights and interests of the elderly and deviating from current legal provisions,making implementation difficult.It is possible to create different types of“house-for-pension”based on transferable right of habitation that not only comply with the provisions of the law,but also align with the concept of property rights of the elderly in our country.The new model of“house-for-pension”still carries several risks that need to be comprehensively managed and prevented.