嗅觉训练在造血干细胞移植患者中的应用研究

Application of olfactory training in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

目的探讨嗅觉训练对行造血干细胞移植患者移植(HSCT)前后嗅觉水平、营养状况及自我感觉负担的影响。方法便利选取2021年6月-2022年3月在我院拟行HSCT的86例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组43例和对照组43例。2组患者均实施HSCT中心常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上进行嗅觉训练。比较2组患者的嗅觉功能得分、血清白蛋白(ALB)、体重下降率、自我感觉负担量表(SPBS)得分。结果86例患者全部完成本研究。(1)干预6周后,观察组气味察觉阈(T)得分为(8.36±2.58)分,高于对照组(6.76±3.15)分,观察组气味辨别能力(D)得分为(57.41±13.27)分,高于对照组(51.26±13.41)分,观察组嗅觉水平总得分为(29.55±5.00)分,高于对照组(26.14±6.68)分,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但观察组气味识别(I)能力(40.98±24.32)分,低于对照组(41.37±24.73)分,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)干预6周后,观察组血清白蛋白检测结果为(39.33±3.82)g/L,高于对照组(36.72±4.57)g/L,观察组体重下降率≥5%为15例,<5%为28例,对照组体重下降率≥5%为25例,<5%为18例,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)干预后6周,观察组患者自我感觉负担得分为(27.90±7.72)分,低于对照组(30.94±6.98)分,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对行HSCT患者进行嗅觉训练,可有效提高其整体嗅觉功能及ALB数值;降低患者体重下降率及自我感觉负担。

Objective To explore the effect of olfactory training on olfactory level,nutritional status,and self-perceived burden of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)before and after transplantation.Methods A total of 86 patients who planned to undergo HSCT in a Grade-Ⅲhospital in Jiangsu province from June 2021 to March 2022 were conveniently selected as research objects,and were divided into the observation group and the control group with 43 patients in each group according to random number table method.Patients of both groups were treated with HSCT center nursing routine,and the observation group received olfactory training on this basis.The scores of olfactory function,serum albumin(ALB),rate of weight loss,and score of Self-Perceived Burden Scale(SPBS)were compared between 2 groups.Results All 86 patients completed the study.(1)After 6 weeks of intervention,the score of the odor threshold(T)in the observation group was(8.36±2.58)points and was higher than that in the control group with(6.76±3.15)points;The score of odor discrimination(D)in the observation group was(57.41±13.27)points and higher than that in the control group with(51.26±13.41)points;The TDI score of the observation group was(29.55±5.00)points and higher than that of the control group with(26.14±6.68)points,and the difference was statistically significant between 2 groups(P<0.05);The score of odor identification(I)in the observation group was(40.98±24.32)points and lower than that in the control group with(41.37±24.73)points,and there was no statistical significance between 2 groups.(2)After 6 weeks of intervention,the ALB level of the observation group was(39.33±3.82)g/L and higher than that of the control group with(36.72±4.57)g/L,there were 15 cases with the weight loss rate≥5%and 28 cases with the weight loss rate<5%in the observation group,while the weight loss rate of 25 patients in the control group was≥5%and that of 18 patients was<5%.The difference between 2 groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).and the self-perceived burden score of the observation group was(27.90±7.72)points and lower than that of the control group with(30.94±6.98)points,these differences were statistically significant between 2 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Olfactory training in patients undergoing HSCT can effectively improve global.Hactory function and ALB,and reduce patients'rate of weight loss and self-perceived burden.