生命共同体理念的哲学意蕴与环境治理创新

The Philosophy Implication of Life Community and Its Environmental Governance Innovation

基于个人主义的传统环境治理体系,与环境治理的整体性、系统性、协同性的本质要求之间存在极大的落差和张力,面临治理实践的多重困境。人与自然生命共同体理念的提出确立了人与自然关系的新的定位,对环境治理形成了一种新的认知框架和解决方案,是理念、目标和方法论的有机统一体,因而具有治理哲学的意涵。环境治理从个人主义转向生命共同体,带来了主体、思维、手段、制度等方面的治理创新。具体表现为治理主体从个体主体转向治理共同体,治理思维从人对自然的单向治理转向双向建构,治理手段从个体关注转向关系和共同体,治理制度从主体性规范转向结构性连接。

There is a great gap and tension between the traditional environmental governance system based on individualism and the essential requirements of environmental governance,which are holistic,systematic and collaborative,and it faces multiple dilemmas in governance practice.The concept of the life community between human and nature establishes a new positioning of the relationship between human and nature,and forms a new cognitive framework and solution for environmental governance.It is an organic unity of concept,goal and methodology,and thus has governance philosophy.The shift from individualism to life community in environmental governance has brought governance innovation in subject,thinking,means and system.Specifically,the governance subject has shifted from individual subject to governance community,the governance thinking has shifted from one-way governance of human to nature to two-way construction,the governance means have shifted from individual concern to relationship and community,and the governance system has shifted from subjective norms to structural connection.