林木单倍体研究进展

Research Progress of Haploid Breeding in Forest Trees

单倍体与双单倍体(DH)植株具有基因组纯合、遗传变异率高等独特的遗传学特点,在分子生物学及育种应用研究等方面具有明显优势,因此备受人们的重视。林木在木材生产及生态建设中具有不可替代的作用,但是林木生长周期缓慢,且多数品种为雌雄异株或自交不亲和,难以通过自交或回交获得纯合个体,因而单倍体诱导将是获得林木纯合系的可行方法。林业科学家自1960年开始就已开展林木单倍体的诱导研究,本文结合现有的研究报道,对林木单倍体育种研究进展进行综述,并对该领域的研究进行了展望。

Haploid and doubled haploid(DH)plants have the unique genetic characteristics of genome homozygosity and high genetic variation rate,and have obvious advantages in molecular biology and breeding application research,so they have attracted much attention.Forest trees play an irreplaceable role in wood production and ecology,but their growth and development cycle is usually long,and most varieties are dioecious or self-incompatible,making it difficult to obtain homozygous individuals through selfing or backcross.Therefore,haploid induction will be a feasible approach to obtain homozygous lines.Scientists have been conducting research on haploid induction in forest trees since the 1960s.This article will review the progress of haploid breeding in forest trees based on existing research reports,and provide prospects for research in future.